Mary Allen
Chamois ndi mtundu wa nyama zoyamwitsa zomwe zimakhala kumapiri a Alps. Mlenjeyo amawatcha "chamois". Amuna ndi aakazi a chamois ali ndi nyanga zomwe sizikutaya m'moyo wawo. Amuna amakhala ndi tsitsi kumbuyo kwawo, zomwe zimawonekera makamaka paubweya wawo wachisanu. "Gamsbart" imapangidwanso ndi tsitsi ili. Koma izi si ndevu zenizeni, koma zokongoletsera zipewa za amuna ku Austria komanso ku Bavaria.
Chamois ndi utali wopitilira mita kuchokera pamphuno mpaka matako. Palinso mchira waufupi. Akazi amafika pa kilogalamu makumi anayi, amuna mpaka makumi asanu. Nyangazo ndi zowongoka pansi ndipo zopindika chammbuyo pamwamba.
Miyendo ndi yayitali komanso yamphamvu. Chamois amatha kufalitsa ziboda zawo kuti agwire bwino miyala. Ubweya ndi mtundu zimasintha ndi nyengo: m'chilimwe ubweya umakhala wofiira-bulauni. M'nyengo yozizira ndi wandiweyani komanso woderapo, pafupifupi wakuda.
Chamois anakhazikika ku Alps. Pali chamois ambiri ku Styria, boma la federal ku Austria. Amapezekanso kumadera ena a Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland, ndi Balkan. Chamois amakonda malo otsetsereka ndi miyala, koma osati nkhalango. Amakonda kukhala pamwamba, pakati pa 1500 ndi 2500 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja. Ali ndi mitima yayikulu yomwe imatha kupopa mpweya wokwanira m'thupi ngakhale mumpweya wochepa thupi. Magazi awo amasinthidwanso bwino ndi mpweya wochepa.
Kodi chamois amakhala bwanji?
Chamois ndi odya zamasamba. Amadya udzu ndi zitsamba komanso masamba a zitsamba monga maluwa a alpine. M'nyengo yozizira, mosses ndi lichens amapezekanso. Amakonda kudumpha nsonga za mitengo ya paini. Koma akatswiri a nkhalango sasangalala nazo. Chamois ndi zoweta. Choncho amagona pansi akamaliza kudya, amatsitsimutsa chakudyacho kuchokera m’nkhalango, kukutafuna bwino, ndipo pamapeto pake amachimeza mpaka m’mimba.
Zazikazi zimatchedwa mbuzi. Amakhala mugulu limodzi ndi ana awo. Ng'ombe imakhala ndi nyama zokwana makumi atatu ndipo zimakhalira limodzi m'chilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira ndi pang'ono omasuka. Amuna akuluakulu amakhala okha. Amatchedwa ndalama. M'dzinja, tonde aliyense amayesa kukhala mtsogoleri wa ng'ombe. Ngati amphongo angapo akufuna ng'ombe kwa iwo okha, amamenyana wina ndi mzake. Amphamvu okha amapambana.
Kubzala kumachitika mu Novembala. Amuna amakumana ndi mkazi aliyense. Nthawi yoyembekezera ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yabwino. Chamois achichepere nthawi zambiri amakhala ana okha. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mapasa kapena atatu. Amamwa mkaka wa amayi awo kwa miyezi itatu. Kanyama kakang'ono ndi "fawn" kapena "gamskitz".
Ana a mbuzi amatha kukhala ndi ana awo akatha zaka ziwiri zabwino. Mbuzi zimakhala pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri. Bucks ayenera kukhutitsidwa ndi zaka pafupifupi 15.
Chamois ayenera kusamala ndi zimbalangondo, mimbulu, ndi lynx chifukwa zili pazakudya zawo. Nthawi zina chiwombankhanga chimadya mphalapala. Matanthwe ogwa kapena zigumukire nthawi zina zimapha chamois. M’nyengo yachisanu, achichepere, achikulire, kapena ofooka kaŵirikaŵiri amafa ndi njala. Palinso matenda oopsa monga khungu la chamois lomwe limatsogolera ku imfa.
Kusaka sikuwopsyeza kwa chamois. Amatha kukwera bwino kwambiri kuposa alenje ndipo nthawi zambiri amawaposa. Kuonjezera apo, alenje amavomerezana pakati pawo kuti ndi nyama zingati zomwe amaloledwa kupha kotero kuti masheya nthawi zonse azikhala ofanana. Ku Switzerland kokha komwe adasaka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kumbali ina, amene anali ndi udindo woyang’anira zokopa alendo anakana. Ambiri obwera kutchuthi amafunanso kuwona nyama zofananira m'mapiri. Iwo ndi a Alps.
Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yomwe pamodzi imapanga mtundu wa chamois. Kuphatikiza pa chamois kapena alpine chamois, chamois ya Pyrenean imadziwika ndi malire a Spain ndi France. Mitundu inayi inayi imatchulidwanso kutengera malo omwe amagawidwa. Madera awo apano ndi ofiira pamapu. M'madera imvi, iwo anakhala mpaka Stone Age.
Chamois ndi ofanana ndi mbuzi ndi nkhosa. Iwo ndi a bovids, pamodzi ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya nyama. Koma alibe chochita ndi nswala, chifukwa alibe nyanga, koma nyanga.