Mary Allen
Dziko Latsopano, chinenero chatsopano: agalu amayenda bwanji m'mayiko omwe chinenero chawo sichidziwa?
Nthawi zambiri agalu amatsagana ndi anthu awo kwa zaka zoposa khumi. Ndi anthu ocheza nawo patchuthi, amapatukana, ndipo nthawi zina amasamuka kudziko lina kupita ku lina ndi eni ake. Zomwezo zinachitika kwa Border Collie Kun-Kun pamene mwini wake Laura Cuaya anasamuka ku Mexico kupita ku Hungary. Dziko latsopano, chinenero chatsopano: Mwadzidzidzi, "Buenos Días" yodziwika bwino komanso yaphokoso! zidakhala zachilendo, zovuta kwambiri "Jò napot!"
Kodi galu wanga akuwona kuti chilankhulo china chikulankhulidwa mozungulira iye komanso kuti agalu ena omwe ali pagulu la agalu amatsatira malamulo osiyanasiyana? Kenako katswiri wa zamoyoyo anadzifunsa. Ili ndi funso losangalatsa lomwe makolo ambiri otengera agalu akunja adzifunsa kangapo.
Kalonga wamng'ono mu jambulani ubongo
Sipanakhalepo kafukufuku wokhudza ngati kuzindikira chinenero ndi tsankho ndi luso laumunthu. Komabe, chimene chimadziwika n’chakuti makanda amatha kuchita zimenezi asanalankhule okha. Kuti adziwe mmene agalu amachitira ndi zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana, Cuaya ndi anzake a ku yunivesite ya Eötvös Loránd ku Budapest anaphunzitsa agalu 18 ochokera ku Spanish ndi Hungary kuti azigona mwakachetechete mu tomograph ya kompyuta. Kwa abwenzi omwe tsopano omasuka a miyendo inayi, inali nthawi ya phunziro lowerenga: amamvetsera nkhani ya kalonga wamng'ono kudzera m'makutu, yomwe inawerengedwa kwa iwo mu Chihangare, Spanish, ndi kumbuyo mu zidutswa za zinenero zonse ziwiri.
Zotsatira zake: Kutengera zochita zaubongo mu kotekisi yoyambira, ofufuzawo sanadziwe ngati agaluwo adamva Chisipanishi kapena Chihangare, koma ngati chinali chimodzi mwa zilankhulo kapena zidutswa za mawu kuchokera m'malemba omwe amawerengedwa cham'mbuyo. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kunawoneka mu cortex yachiwiri yomvetsera: chinenero cha amayi ndi chinenero chachilendo chinayambitsa machitidwe osiyanasiyana mu cortex yomvetsera, makamaka mu nyama zakale. Asayansi amawona kuti agalu amatha kunyamula ndikusankha chilankhulo chomwe amakumana nacho pamoyo wawo wonse. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo akuyenera kuwonetsa ngati kukhala ndi mabwenzi apamtima amunthu kwazaka mazana ambiri kwawapanga kukhala akatswiri ozindikira kulankhula.
Funso Lofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi agalu angamvetse zilankhulo zina?
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ochita kafukufuku atsimikizira kuti si anthu okha omwe amatha kusiyanitsa zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana: Ngakhale agalu, ubongo umasonyeza machitidwe osiyanasiyana a ntchito, malingana ndi ngati bwenzi la miyendo inayi amadziwa bwino chinenero chomwe amamva kapena ayi.
Kodi agalu amatha kuzindikira zilankhulo?
Poyesera, komabe, agalu sanathe kuzindikira kulankhula, komanso kusiyanitsa pakati pawo. Ma scans adawonetsa kuti maphunziro amiyendo inayi omwe amamva Chisipanishi anali ndi mayankho osiyana mu gawo lachiwiri la audio cortex kuposa omwe amamva Chihangare.
Kodi agalu amamva zinenero zingati?
Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti avareji anali mawu 89 kapena mawu achidule omwe agalu amatha kumvetsetsa. Nyama zochenjera akuti zidachitapo mawu mpaka 215 - zambiri!
Kodi agalu angamvetse Chijeremani?
Nyama zambiri zimazindikira kalankhulidwe ka anthu. Tsopano zikuoneka kuti agalu makamaka bwino pa izo. Kafukufuku watsopano mu nyuzipepala ya NeuroImage akuwonetsa kuti amatha kusiyanitsa chilankhulo chodziwika bwino ndimayendedwe ena amawu.
Kodi galu amamva mawu otani?
Kupatulapo mawu ophunziridwa monga “khalani”, “chabwino” kapena “apa” bwenzi la miyendo inayi samamvetsetsa chinenero chathu kwenikweni, koma amamva ngati takwiya kapena osangalala. Mu 2016, ofufuza adafalitsa zotsatira za kafukufuku wokhudza agalu 13.
Kodi galu angaganize?
Agalu ndi nyama zanzeru zomwe zimakonda kukhala m'matumba, zimalankhulana nafe m'njira zovuta kwambiri, ndipo zimawoneka kuti zimatha kuganiza movutikira. Ubongo wa galu suli wosiyana kwambiri ndi ubongo wa munthu.
Kodi galu amasonyeza bwanji kuyamikira?
Galu wanu akalumpha mmwamba ndi pansi, akuvina mosangalala, ndikugwedeza mchira wake, amasonyeza chisangalalo chake chopanda malire. Amakukondani! Kunyambita manja anu, kuuwa, ndi kuchuna kungakhalenso chizindikiro cha mmene bwenzi lanu lamiyendo inayi linaphonya wokondedwa wake.
Kodi galu angawonere TV?
Nthawi zambiri, ziweto monga agalu ndi amphaka zimatha kuwonera TV. Komabe, mungayembekezere kuchitapo kanthu ngati zithunzi za pawailesi yakanema zidatengedwa momwe mumazidziwa. Ndikofunikiranso kuti zinthu zokhudzana ndi abwenzi amiyendo inayi, monga ma conspecifis, ziwonetsedwe.