Beaver

Ma Beaver ndi okonza malo enieni: amamanga nyumba zachifumu ndi madamu, mitsinje yamadamu, ndikudula mitengo. Izi zimapanga malo atsopano okhalamo zomera ndi zinyama.

makhalidwe

Kodi beavers amawoneka bwanji?

Ma Beaver ndi achiwiri kwa makoswe padziko lonse lapansi. Ma capybara aku South America okha amakula. Matupi awo ndi opusa komanso opindika ndipo amakula mpaka 100 centimita utali. Chodziwika bwino cha beaver ndi chophwanyika, mpaka masentimita 16 m'lifupi, mchira wopanda tsitsi, womwe ndi 28 mpaka 38 centimita utali. Munthu wamkulu amalemera mpaka 35 kilogalamu. Zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulupo kuposa zazimuna.

Ubweya wandiweyani wa beaver ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri: m'mimba mwake muli tsitsi 23,000 pa sikweya sentimita imodzi ya khungu, kumbuyo kuli pafupifupi 12,000 tsitsi pa lalikulu sentimita. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamutu pa munthu pali tsitsi 300 lokha pa lalikulu sentimita imodzi. Ubweya wokhuthala kwambiri umenewu umapangitsa mbalamezi kukhala zofunda ndi zouma kwa maola ambiri, ngakhale m’madzi. Chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wamtengo wapatali, kale ankasaka nyamazo mpaka kuzimiririka.

Beaver amazolowerana bwino ndi moyo m'madzi: pomwe mapazi akutsogolo amatha kugwira ngati manja, zala zakumbuyo zimakhala ndi ukonde. Chala chachiwiri chakumapazi akumbuyo chili ndi zikhadabo ziwiri, zomwe zimatchedwa kuyeretsa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chisa cha chisamaliro cha ubweya. Mphuno ndi makutu amatha kutsekedwa poyendetsa galimoto, ndipo maso amatetezedwa pansi pa madzi ndi chikope chowonekera chotchedwa nictitating membrane.

Ma incisors a beaver nawonso ndi ochititsa chidwi: Ali ndi enamel yamtundu walalanje (ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa mano kukhala olimba), kutalika kwake mpaka 3.5 centimita, ndipo akupitiriza kukula moyo wawo wonse.

Kodi mbalamezi zimakhala kuti?

Mbalame za ku Ulaya zimachokera ku France, England, Germany, Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, ndi Russia kumpoto kwa Mongolia. M’madera ena kumene ma beaver anafafanizidwa, tsopano abwezeretsedwa bwino, mwachitsanzo m’madera ena ku Bavaria ndi ku Elbe.

Mbalamezi zimafuna madzi: Zimakhala m’madzi oyenda pang’onopang’ono komanso oima ozama pafupifupi mamita 1.5. Amakonda kwambiri mitsinje ndi nyanja zozingidwa ndi nkhalango za kumunsi komwe kumamera msondodzi, popula, aspen, birch, ndi alder. Ndikofunika kuti madzi asawume komanso kuti asaundane pansi m'nyengo yozizira.

Kodi pali mitundu yanji ya ma beaver?

Kuwonjezera pa beaver yathu ya ku Ulaya (Castor fiber), palinso beaver ya ku Canada (Castor canadensis) ku North America. Lero tikudziwa, komabe, kuti zonsezi ndi zamtundu umodzi ndipo sizisiyana kwenikweni. Komabe, mbalame ya ku Canada ndi yaikulu pang’ono kuposa ya ku Ulaya, ndipo ubweya wake ndi wofiirira-wofiira.

Kodi ma beaver amakhala ndi zaka zingati?

Kuthengo, mbalamezi zimakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 20, pamene zili mu ukapolo zimatha zaka 35.

Khalani

Kodi mbalamezi zimakhala bwanji?

Beaver nthawi zonse amakhala m'madzi komanso pafupi ndi madzi. Amayenda movutikira pamtunda, koma m'madzi, ndi osambira komanso osambira. Amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi 15. Beaver amakhala m’gawo limodzi kwa zaka zambiri. Amayika malire a gawolo ndi mafuta enaake, castoreum. Beaver ndi nyama za m'banja: amakhala ndi akazi awo komanso ana a chaka cham'mbuyo komanso ana a chaka chino. Nyumba yayikulu ya banja la beaver ndi nyumbayi:

Amakhala ndi phanga lokhala pafupi ndi madzi, khomo lomwe lili pansi pa madzi. Mkati mwake muli zophimbidwa ndi zomera zofewa. Ngati mtsinje gombe si mkulu mokwanira ndi wosanjikiza nthaka pamwamba pa phanga ndi woonda kwambiri, iwo mulu nthambi ndi nthambi, kupanga phiri, otchedwa beaver lodge.

Malo ogona a beaver amatha kufika mamita khumi m'lifupi ndi mamita awiri m'mwamba. Nyumbayi ndi yotetezedwa bwino kwambiri moti ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira sikuzizira kwambiri. Komabe, banja la nkhandwe kaŵirikaŵiri limakhala ndi timadzenje ting’onoting’ono zingapo pafupi ndi dzenje lalikulu, mmene, mwachitsanzo, ana amphongo ndi ana a chaka chatha amatulukamo makanda atsopanowo akangobadwa.

Ma beaver ausiku ndi omanga aluso: ngati kuya kwa madzi a nyanja kapena mtsinje kugwera pansi pa 50 centimita, amayamba kumanga madamu kuti atsekenso madziwo kotero kuti khomo la nyumba yawo yachifumu kumizidwanso ndikutetezedwa kwa adani. Pakhoma la dothi ndi miyala, amamanga madamu okhwima ndi okhazikika kwambiri okhala ndi nthambi ndi thunthu la mitengo.

Iwo akhoza kugwa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi awiri a mita imodzi. Mu usiku umodzi amapanga thunthu ndi awiri 40 centimita. Madamuwa nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa 30 mpaka 1.5 metres m'litali ndi mpaka 200 m'mwamba. Koma akuti panali madamu a beaver omwe anali aatali mamita XNUMX.

Nthawi zina mibadwo yambiri ya banja la beaver imamanga madamu m'gawo lawo kwa zaka zambiri; amawasamalira ndi kuwakulitsa. M’nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimaluma dzenje padziwe. Izi zimakhetsa madzi ena ndikupangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale pansi pa ayezi. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mbalamezi zizitha kusambira m’madzi pansi pa ayezi.

Ndi ntchito zawo zomanga, zimbalangondozi zimaonetsetsa kuti madzi a m’gawo lawo azikhala osasinthasintha momwe angathere. Kuonjezera apo, kusefukira kwa madzi ndi madambo amapangidwa, momwe zomera ndi zinyama zambiri zosawerengeka zimapeza malo okhala. Mbalamezi zikachoka m’dera lawo, madzi amamira, nthaka imauma ndipo zomera ndi nyama zambiri zimasowanso.