Mary Allen
Ndi makutu awo akuluakulu, nkhandwe za makutu a mileme zimawoneka zachilendo: zimafanana ndi mtanda wa galu ndi nkhandwe wokhala ndi makutu akuluakulu kwambiri.
makhalidwe
Kodi nkhandwe za makutu a mileme zimawoneka bwanji?
Nkhandwe zokhala ndi makutu a mileme zimachokera ku banja la agalu choncho ndi zolusa. Ndi mitundu yakale kwambiri ndipo ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe kuposa nkhandwe. Maonekedwe ake amafanana ndi kusakaniza kwa galu ndi nkhandwe. Amapima masentimita 46 mpaka 66 kuchokera pamphuno mpaka pansi ndipo amatalika masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi 30 mpaka 35 cm.
Nyamazo zimalemera makilogalamu atatu kapena asanu, zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu pang'ono. Ubweya wa nyamazo umawoneka wachikasu-bulauni kupita ku imvi, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pamsana pawo. Zolemba zakuda m'maso ndi akachisi ndizofanana - zimakumbukira mawonekedwe a nkhope ya raccoon. Miyendo ndi nsonga za mchira ndi zofiirira zakuda.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, komabe, ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 13, pafupifupi makutu akuda. Nkhandwe zokhala ndi makutu a mileme zimadziwikanso kuti zili ndi mano ambiri: pali 46 mpaka 50 - kuposa nyama ina iliyonse yapamwamba. Komabe manowo ndi ang’onoang’ono. Izi ndizotengera kuti nkhandwe zokhala ndi khutu zimadya tizilombo.
Kodi nkhandwe za makutu a mileme zimakhala kuti?
Nkhandwe za makutu a mileme zimapezeka ku Africa kokha, makamaka kum’mawa ndi kum’mwera kwa Africa. Nkhandwe zokhala ndi makutu a mileme zimakhala m’madera otsetsereka a m’tchire, m’tchire, ndi m’zipululu zomwe zili ndi chakudya chawo chachikulu, chiswe. Amakonda malo omwe udzu sukula kuposa 25 centimita. Awa ndi madera omwe amadyetsedwa ndi ng'ombe kapena udzu umawonongedwa ndi moto ndikumeranso. Udzuwo ukakula, nkhandwe za makutu a mileme zimasamukira kudera lina.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya nkhandwe ya makutu a mileme ilipo?
Pali mitundu iwiri ya nkhandwe zokhala ndi makutu: Moyo umodzi kumwera kwa Africa kuchokera ku South Africa kupita ku Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe mpaka kumwera kwenikweni kwa Angola, Zambia, ndi Mozambique. Mitundu ina imapezeka ku Ethiopia kudzera ku Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Uganda, ndi Tanzania mpaka kumpoto kwa Zambia ndi Malawi.
Kodi nkhandwe za khutu la mileme zimakhala ndi zaka zingati?
Nkhandwe zokhala ndi khutu la mileme zimakhala zaka zisanu, nthawi zina mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Akagwidwa, amatha kukhala zaka 13.
Khalani
Kodi nkhandwe za makutu a mileme zimakhala bwanji?
Makutu otchuka anapatsa nkhandwe wa makutu a mileme dzina lake. Amanena kuti nkhandwe zokhala ndi makutu amamva bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti zimakonda kudya tizilombo, makamaka chiswe, zimatha kunyamula ngakhale phokoso lochepa kwambiri la nyamazi m'mabwinja awo.
Amaperekanso kutentha kwakukulu kwa thupi kudzera m'makutu awo akuluakulu. Akakhandwe okhala ndi makutu a mileme akamachita zinthu zimatengera nthawi ya chaka komanso dera limene amakhala. Kum’mwera kwa Africa, pofuna kuthawa kutentha kwambiri, amakhala usiku m’chilimwe ndipo amapita kukafunafuna chakudya.
Komano m’nyengo yozizira kozizira kwambiri, amakhala akutuluka masana. Kum’maŵa kwa Africa, nthaŵi zambiri amakhala ausiku kwa pafupifupi chaka chonse. Nkhandwe zokhala ndi makutu a mileme ndi nyama zokonda kucheza ndi anthu ndipo zimakhala m’magulu a nyama zokwana 15. Ana aamuna amachoka pabanja patatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, akazi amakhala nthawi yaitali ndikuthandizira kulera ana atsopano chaka chamawa.
Nkhandwe zokhala ndi khutu la mileme zilibe madera, koma zimakhala m’malo amene amati n’zochitapo kanthu: Madera amenewa alibe chizindikiro ndipo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabanja angapo posaka chakudya. Nkhandwe zokhala ndi makutu a mileme zimabwerera m’makumba kuti zipume, kugona komanso kupeza pogona. Amazikumba okha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzenje akale opangidwa ndi nyama zina. Zina mwazochita za nkhandwe zokhala ndi makutu a mileme zimakumbutsa agalu apakhomo: amabwezera makutu awo pamene ali ndi mantha, ndipo mdani akayandikira, amaphwanya ubweya wawo. Mukasangalala kapena kusewera, mchira umanyamulidwa molunjika komanso mopingasa poyenda.
Anzanu ndi adani a nkhandwe ya makutu a mleme
Ankhandwe okhala ndi makutu a mileme ali ndi adani ambiri kuphatikizapo mikango, afisi, akambuku, akalulu, ndi agalu amtchire a ku Africa. Mbalame zodya nyama monga martial eagles kapena boa constrictors monga python zingakhalenso zoopsa kwa iwo. Nkhandwe ndi zoopsa makamaka kwa ana agalu.
Kodi nkhandwe za makutu a mileme zimaberekana bwanji?
Nkhandwe za makutu a mileme zimakhala ziwiriziwiri, kawirikawiri akazi awiri amakhala limodzi ndi mwamuna mmodzi. Ana amabadwa pamene chakudya chili chochuluka. Kum’mawa kwa Africa, zimenezi zili pakati pa mapeto a August ndi mapeto a October, kum’mwera kwa Africa mpaka December.
Ikatenga pakati pa masiku 60 mpaka 70, yaikazi imabala ana awiri kapena asanu, kawirikawiri ana asanu ndi mmodzi. Pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi anayi amatsegula maso awo, patatha masiku 17 amachoka kudzenje koyamba. Amayamwitsidwa pafupifupi miyezi inayi ndipo amakhala odziyimira pawokha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Makolo onse awiri amasamalira anawo.
Kodi nkhandwe za makutu a mileme zimalankhulana bwanji?
Nkhandwe za makutu a mileme zimangolira pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri amalira mokweza kwambiri. Ana ndi makolo amalankhulana ndi kuyimba mluzu komwe kumafanana ndi mbalame kuposa galu.