Moyo wa Axolotl: Kodi Axolotl Amakhala Ngati Chiweto Chautali Bwanji?

Axolotl sikuti imangowoneka yokongola komanso yachilendo; salamander waku Mexico alinso ndi kuthekera kosangalatsa: amatha kutengera miyendo ndi ziwalo za msana pakatha milungu ingapo.

Axolotl - salamander waku Mexico yemwe amakhala m'madzi ambiri. Iye ndi cholengedwa chachilendo chomwe sichikhoza kugawidwa mwachiwonekere nthawi yomweyo. Penapake pakati pa newt, salamander, ndi tadpole. Izi zili choncho chifukwa imakhalabe mu siteji ya mphutsi moyo wake wonse koma imakulabe pakugonana. Amatchedwa neoteny.

Axolotl amakula mpaka 25 cm kukula ndi zaka 25. Amphibian wakhalapo kwa zaka pafupifupi 350 miliyoni, koma ochepa chabe: tsopano pali zitsanzo zambiri zomwe zimakhala m'ma laboratories kusiyana ndi kuthengo.

Kodi moyo wa axolotl ndi wautali bwanji?

Kutalika kwa moyo pafupifupi - zaka 10-15. Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe - mitundu ingapo yodziwika ya mtundu, kuphatikiza bulauni, wakuda, alubino, imvi, ndi pinki wotuwa; mapesi akunja a gill ndi caudal dorsal fin chifukwa cha neoteny. Anthu akutchire - 700-1,200 pafupifupi.

Kodi ma axolotl amafika zaka zingati mu aquarium?

Avereji ya moyo ndi pafupifupi zaka 15. Nyama zimadziwika kuti zafika zaka za Metusela zaka 25. Zaka zochepa zimakhala pafupi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kapena khumi.

Kodi axolotls angakhale zaka 100?

Axolotl nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka 10-15 ali mu ukapolo, koma amatha kukhala zaka zoposa 20 akamasamalidwa bwino. Axolotl akale kwambiri sakudziwika koma msinkhu wawo ukhoza kudabwitsa iwo pamene akukhala ziweto zofala monga mitundu ina ya salamander imakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri (zambiri pansipa!)

Axolotl: chilombo cham'madzi chokhala ndi ma gill

Dzina lakuti "axolotl" limachokera ku Aazitec ndipo limatanthauza chinachake chonga "chilombo chamadzi". Nyamayi, yomwe imatalika mpaka 25 centimita, imapanga chithunzithunzi chamtendere. Kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa khosi pali zopangira gill, zomwe mwa mitundu ina zimawonekera mumitundu ndikuwoneka ngati mitengo yaying'ono.

Miyendo ya axolotl ndi msana zimatha kukulanso

Ndipo chinthu chinanso chomwe chimapangitsa nyamayo kukhala yapadera: ikataya mwendo, imangomera pakatha milungu ingapo. Ikhozanso kukonzanso kwathunthu mbali za msana ndi minofu yovulala ya retina. Palibe amene akudziwa chifukwa chake axolotl imatha kukulitsa miyendo yonse ndi mafupa, minofu ndi mitsempha. Koma asayansi akhala akuyenda kwakanthawi ndipo adziwa kale zambiri zamtundu wa axolotl.

DNA yochulukitsa kakhumi kuposa anthu

Ma genetic onse a axolotl amakhala ndi ma 32 mabiliyoni oyambira awiriawiri motero amaposa kakhumi kukula kwa ma genome amunthu. Ma genome a amphibian ndiyenso ndi genome yayikulu kwambiri yomwe yadziwika mpaka pano. Gulu lotsogoleredwa ndi wofufuza Elly Tanaka wochokera ku Vienna, Heidelberg ndi Dresden anapeza majini angapo omwe amapezeka mu axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) ndi mitundu ina ya amphibian. Majiniwa amagwira ntchito mu minofu yomwe ikuyambiranso.

"Tsopano tili ndi mapu a majini omwe titha kugwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira momwe zida zovuta - mwachitsanzo, miyendo - ingakulirenso."

Sergei Nowoshilov, wolemba nawo kafukufukuyu, wofalitsidwa mu nyuzipepala ya 'Nature' mu Januware 2018.

Mtundu wonse wa axolotl wasinthidwa

Chifukwa cha katundu wake, axolotl akhala akufufuza zaka pafupifupi 150. Chimodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu kwambiri za axolotl zimasamalidwa ku Molecular Pathology Laboratory ku Vienna. Ofufuza opitilira 200 amachita kafukufuku woyambira wazachipatala ku bungweli.

Majini a Axolotl amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri

Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa PacBio kudziwa kutalika kwa ma genome, axolotl genome adadziwika bwino. Zinadziwika kuti jini yofunikira komanso yofala kwambiri yachitukuko - "PAX3" - ikusowa kwathunthu mu axolotl. Ntchito yake imatengedwa ndi jini yofananira yotchedwa "PAX7". Majini onsewa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa minofu ndi minyewa. Pakapita nthawi, ntchito yotereyi iyenera kupangidwa kwa anthu.

Palibe axolotls omwe adatsala kuthengo

Kuyerekeza kuti ndi ma axolotl angati omwe atsalira kuthengo ndizovuta - ofufuza ena amaika chiwerengerocho pafupi ndi 2,300, koma chikhoza kukhala chochepa kwambiri. Kuyerekeza kwa 2009 kunayika makope pakati pa 700 ndi 1,200 okha. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa koopsa kwa malo okhala nyama ku Mexico, chifukwa zimakonda kukhala m’zimbudzi mmene zinyalala zathu zimatayidwa. Komanso mu mitundu ya nsomba zachilendo zomwe zinayambitsidwa kuti zipititse patsogolo zomanga thupi kwa anthu. Ngakhale carp yokhazikika imakonda kuyeretsa mazira, ma cichlids amaukira axolotl achichepere.

Kusiyana kwa majini a Axolotl kukuchepa mu labu

Zitsanzo zomalizira zimakhala ku Nyanja ya Xochimilco ndi nyanja zina zazing'ono kumadzulo kwa Mexico City. Axolotl akhala akuwoneka kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuyambira 2006. Zambiri, zitsanzo zambiri tsopano zikukhala m'malo osungiramo madzi am'madzi, ma laboratories, ndi malo oswana kuposa kuthengo. Ena amawetedwa m'malo odyera ku Japan. Ena akupitirizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza. Gulu la majini limachepa pakapita nthawi, chifukwa mitunduyo nthawi zambiri imangophatikizidwa yokha. Sizikudziwika ngati ma axolotl obereketsa akadali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi achibale awo m'chilengedwe.

Kusunga axolotl mu aquarium

Ku Mexico, kwawo, axolotl amadziwika kwambiri ngati ziweto, pafupifupi zolemekezeka. Aliyense amene akufuna kubweretsa amphibians ang'onoang'ono m'makoma awo anayi atha kutero mosavuta chifukwa ndi amphamvu komanso osamva. Kuphatikiza apo, mosiyana ndi ma salamander ena, amangofunika aquarium ndipo palibe "gawo lamtunda". Onse amachokera ku ana, kuwatenga kuthengo ndikoletsedwa kotheratu. Amakonda kutentha kwa madzi kwa 15 mpaka 21 digiri Celsius, nthawi zina kuzizira. Ndiye amatha kuchira bwino ku matenda. Ngati mukufuna kuwasunga pamodzi ndi ma axolotl ena, ndiye bwino kwambiri ndi ma conspecifics a kukula kwake. Amadya makamaka zakudya zamoyo monga nsomba zazing'ono, nkhono, kapena nkhanu zazing'ono.