Mary Allen
Arthropods ndi mtundu wa nyama. Zimaphatikizapo tizilombo, millipedes, nkhanu, ndi arachnids. Ndiwo makalasi anai. Kalasi yachisanu, trilobites, yatha kale. Nyama zinayi mwa zisanu pa nyama zonse padziko lapansi ndi arthropods.
Arthropods amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Ambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi opindulitsa kwa anthu, makamaka tizilombo tomwe timatulutsa mungu wamaluwa. Timadyanso mitundu ina, monga nkhanu kapena shrimp. Timapeza uchi kuchokera ku njuchi ndi silika ku mbozi za silika. M’mayiko ena, anthu amakonda kudya nyama zotchedwa arthropods. Panonso, zikuchulukirachulukira m’mbale zathu, monga ziwala kapena nyongolotsi.
Koma timaonanso ena kukhala tizilombo toononga: tizilombo tina timawononga nkhalango, ndipo nsabwe za m’masamba zimayamwa madzi a masamba a zomera za m’munda, n’kuzifa. Pamene nyongolotsi ya chakudya idya chakudya chathu, sichimaganiziridwanso kukhala phindu, komanso tizilombo towononga.
Kodi thupi la arthropod ndi lotani?
Arthropods ali ndi exoskeleton. Ichi ndi chigoba chonga ngati nkhono kapena khungu lolimba. Ayenera kuwakhetsa mobwerezabwereza kuti athe kukula. Thupi lanu limapangidwa ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatchedwa magawo. Mutha kuwawona bwino mu njuchi, mwachitsanzo. Ali ndi miyendo pagawo limodzi kapena zingapo, zowonekera bwino mu millipedes.
Mitundu yambiri ya arthropod imapuma kudzera mu tracheae. Izi ndi njira zabwino za mpweya zomwe zimadutsa paliponse kudzera pakhungu kulowa m'thupi. Izi zimapatsa thupi lanu mpweya. Izi zimachitika "mwachisawawa", kutanthauza kuti nyamazi sizingathe kupuma ndi kutuluka mwachidziwitso. Nyama zina zotchedwa arthropods zimapuma ndi mphuno. Mofanana ndi nsomba, amatha kupuma pansi pa madzi.
Mitundu yambiri ya arthropods imakhala ndi tinyanga, zomwe zimatchedwanso "feelers". Sikuti mumangomva china chake, mumathanso kununkhiza. Kwa ena, tinyangazi zimakhala ndi maulalo angapo omwe amatha kuyenda pawokha. Ndi nyama zochepa chabe zomwe zilibe tinyanga. Ndi iwo, miyendo yakutsogolo imatenga ntchito izi.
Arthropods ali ndi mtima wamphako umodzi. Simapopa magazi, koma madzi ofananawo kudzera m'thupi lotchedwa hemolymph. Iwo amati "hemolums". Ziwalo za m'mimba zimaphatikizapo m'mimba, kapena mbewu chabe, yomwe ili ngati thumba la chakudya. Kenako matumbo. Palinso ziwalo zofanana ndi impso zomwe zimachotsa madzi ndi zinyalala. Ndowe ndi mkodzo zimachoka m'thupi kudzera m'njira yomweyi, yotchedwa cloaca.
Arthropods amabwera mwa amuna ndi akazi omwe amakwatirana kuti abereke ana. Yaikazi imaikira mazira kapena imabereka kuti ikhale yachichepere. Makolo ena amasamalira ana awo, ena amasiya mazira kuti adzisamalira okha.