Amphibians: Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Amphibians ndi gulu la zamoyo zamsana monga nyama zoyamwitsa, mbalame, zokwawa ndi nsomba. M'chinenero cha Chijeremani amatchedwanso Lurche. Iwo anawagawa m'magulu atatu: zokwawa amphibians, achule ndi tailed amphibians. Asayansi akuganiza kuti: Zaka mazana a mamiliyoni zapitazo, nyama za m’madzi zinali zolengedwa zoyamba kukhala pamtunda.

Mawu akuti amphibian amachokera ku Chigriki ndipo amatanthauza kukhala ndi moyo pawiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa nyama zambiri zam’madzi zimakhala m’madzi akadali aang’ono, zimapuma m’matenda ngati nsomba. Akamakula, amfibia amayendayenda pamtunda kenako amakhala pamtunda ndi m'madzi. Kenako, mofanana ndi anthu, amapuma m’mapapo.

Khungu lake ndi lopyapyala komanso lopanda kanthu. Palibe ma calluses monga momwe ife anthu timakhalira kumapazi athu, mwachitsanzo. Khungu likhoza kukhala losalala ndi lonyowa kapena louma ndi njerewere. Amphibians ena ali ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa utsi. Izi zimawateteza kwa adani.

Amphibians ambiri amaikira mazira. Amayikira mazirawa, omwe amatchedwanso kuti spawn, m'madzi. Kenako mphutsi zimaswa. The salamanders ndi zosiyana. Amabereka mphutsi zenizeni kapena ngakhale kukhala achichepere.

Amphibians ndi nyama zozizira: kutentha kwa thupi lawo kumasintha nthawi zonse chifukwa kumagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa chilengedwe chake. Zimenezi n’zofunika kuti zisazizizira m’madzi ndi m’mapiri.

Kodi amphibians amakhala bwanji?

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi zamoyo zam'madzi ndi kusintha komwe kumachitika pamoyo wawo wonse. Izi zimatchedwa "metamorphosis": mphutsi zimaswa mazira, zomwe zimapuma ndi mphuno. Kenako mapapu amakula. Chigoba chimameranso. N’chimodzimodzi ndi nyama zoyamwitsa koma zilibe nthiti. Nyama za m’madzi zikasintha kuchoka m’madzi n’kupita kumtunda, zimapuma ndi mapapo komanso pakhungu. Ziphuphuzo zimakulanso.

Amphibians amakhala mowopsa. Ndiwo gwero lofunika kwambiri la chakudya cha mitundu yambiri ya nyama. Sangathe kudziteteza okha. Koma ambiri amachita bwino pobisala. Ena amadziteteza ndi madzi akupha a m’thupi, amene amatuluka pakhungu. Amphibians awa nthawi zambiri amakhala amitundu yodabwitsa. Adani anu ayenera kukumbukira izi ndikusiya amphibians omwe akugwirizana nawo nthawi ina. Kuti zisawonongeke, amphibians ayenera kubereka ana ambiri.

M'nyengo yozizira, amphibians amagona hibernation. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amakhetsa madzi ambiri momwe angathere m'thupi lawo ndipo amakhala olimba kwambiri chifukwa cha izi. Khungu lanu limakhala louma komanso louma. Kutentha kukakwera, amayambanso kuyenda.

Kodi zamoyo zam'mlengalenga zimakhala ndi chiyani?

Ziwalo zamkati za amphibians ndizofanana ndi zokwawa. Kuphatikiza pa ziwalo zogayitsa chakudya, palinso impso ziwiri zomwe zimachotsa mkodzo m'magazi. Njira yotulutsira ndowe ndi mkodzo imatchedwa "cloaca". Yaikazi nayonso imaikira mazira ake kudzera munjira imeneyi.

Amphibians ali ndi dongosolo lapadera lozungulira magazi komanso mtima wosavuta kuposa nyama zoyamwitsa ndi mbalame. Mofanana ndi zokwawa, magazi atsopano amasakanikirana ndi magazi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mtima. Komabe, mtima wa amphibians ndi wosavuta kuposa wa chokwawa.

Kodi mumawayika bwanji amphibians?

Zofala kwambiri ndi achule. Zina mwa izo ndi achule, achule ndi achule. Ana awo amatchedwa tadpoles. Mchira wawo umabwerera m'mbuyo panthawi ya metamorphosis. Miyendo yawo yakumbuyo imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa yakutsogolo. Amadya tizilombo tamoyo, mollusks, akangaude ndi arthropods, zomwe zimameza zonse. Anthu amtundu wa Anuran amakhala ku kontinenti iliyonse kupatula ku Antarctica ndi madera ena komwe kumazizira kwambiri.

Amphibians amchira ndi osowa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa kukhala salamanders, omwe amakonda kukhala pamtunda, ndi ma newts, omwe amakhala m'madzi. Thupi lawo ndi lalitali ndipo lili ndi mchira. Miyendo inayi ndi yofanana kukula kwake. Salumpha kapena kulumpha, amathamanga. Ali ndi minyewa yambiri kuposa achule. Amphibians amchira sakonda kuzizira kapena kutentha kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake kulibe ku Africa, South Asia, kapena Australia. Ku South America kuli mitundu yochepa chabe.

Mbalame zokwawa ndizosowa kwambiri. Amatchedwanso ngalande zakhungu. Zimawoneka ngati mphutsi, koma sizili choncho. Amawona molakwika ndipo amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuwala ndi mdima. Amakhala kumadera otentha ndi kumadera otentha, mwachitsanzo, m’madera a Central America, South America, Africa, ndi Asia. Chifukwa chake sapezeka ku North America ndi Europe.