Introduction: Marsh frogs and their adaptability

ʻO nā rana marsh, i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema ʻo Pelophylax ridibundus, kahi ʻano amphibians i kaulana no ko lākou hiki ke hoʻololi. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia lākou ma ʻEulopa, ma ke komohana o ʻAsia, a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau, a ua lanakila maikaʻi lākou i nā ʻano noho like ʻole. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ʻo ko lākou hiki ke ola ma nā kaiapuni wai a me ka honua. Ke manaʻo nei kēia ʻatikala e ʻimi i ke anatomy, nā hiʻohiʻona physiological, a me nā hoʻololi e hiki ai i nā rana marsh ke ulu i kēia mau wahi ʻokoʻa ʻelua, a me nā pilikia a lākou e kū nei i kēlā me kēia.

Anatomy a me physiological hiʻona o marsh frogs

Loaʻa i nā rana Marsh kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kino a me nā hoʻololi physiological e kōkua i ko lākou hiki ke ola ma ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka honua. ʻO ko lākou kino maʻalahi, me nā lālā hope lōʻihi e maʻalahi i ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka wai. Eia hou, ʻo ko lākou ʻili he maʻa a paʻa, e ʻae iā lākou e hanu ma o ka hanu ʻili, kahi hana koʻikoʻi no ko lākou ola ʻana ma nā wahi ʻelua. Aia ko lākou mau maka ma luna o ko lākou poʻo, e hiki ai iā lākou ke noho i loko o ka wai me ka mālama pono i ko lākou puni.

Nā makemake noho o nā rana marsh

ʻOiai e hōʻike ana nā rana marsh i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka honua, he ʻokoʻa ko lākou makemake noho. Loaʻa nui lākou ma nā ʻāina wai, e like me nā mānoanoa, nā loko, nā loko, a me nā muliwai e neʻe mālie, kahi e loaʻa ai nā kumu wai nui a me nā meaʻai nui. Eia nō naʻe, ke hōʻike nei lākou i kahi hiki ke hoʻokalakupua i ka noho ʻana o ka honua, e like me nā māla, nā ululāʻau, a me nā wahi kaona, ʻoiai aia nā kūlana kūpono.

Kaiapuni wai: ʻO ka home kūpono no nā rana marsh

ʻO nā kaiapuni wai maʻemaʻe ka home kūpono no nā rana marsh ma muli o kā lākou hoʻololi ʻana i ka wai a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai. Ke hilinaʻi nui nei kēia mau rana i ka wai no ka hoʻohua hou ʻana, no ka mea, makemake lākou i nā wahi kai e waiho ai i kā lākou mau hua a no ka ulu ʻana o nā tadpoles. Hāʻawi nā wahi noho wai maʻemaʻe i nā kumu meaʻai he nui, e like me nā iniseti, nā ilo, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, a me nā crustaceans, ʻo ia ka mea ʻai mua o nā rana marsh.

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā rana Marsh i ke ola wai

Ua hoʻololi nā rana Marsh i kekahi mau hoʻololi e ulu ai i ko lākou mau wahi kai. Loaʻa iā lākou nā wāwae hope, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou hiki ke ʻauʻau a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokele i ka wai me ka maʻalahi. ʻO ko lākou mau lālā hope ikaika e hiki ai iā lākou ke lele i kahi mamao, kōkua i ko lākou pakele ʻana mai nā mea ʻaihue a kōkua i kā lākou ʻimi ʻana i ka mea pio. Eia kekahi, ʻo ko lākou māmā kūikawā e hiki ai iā lākou ke unuhi i ka oxygen mai ka wai, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hanu ʻana i ka wā i lalo.

Ka honua honua: Hiki i nā rana marsh ke ola?

ʻOiai pili nui nā rana marsh me nā wahi kai wai, ua hōʻike pū lākou i ka hiki ke ola ma ka ʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kaiapuni honua e hāʻawi i nā pilikia a me nā palena no kēia mau amphibians. ʻAʻole like me ka wai maʻemaʻe, pono nā rana marsh e hilinaʻi i nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ka wai ua a me ka hau, e mālama i ko lākou pae wai. Eia kekahi, ke alo nei lākou i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nāwaliwali i nā mea ʻaihue a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā kumu meaʻai kūpono.

Nā pilikia a me nā palena no nā rana marsh ma ka ʻāina

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi kaiapuni honua he nui nā pilikia no nā rana marsh. ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia nui a lākou e hālāwai ai, ʻo ia ka hoʻoweliweli o ka maloʻo. ʻO ko lākou ʻili permeable e maʻalahi lākou i ka maloʻo, a pono lākou e ʻimi i kahi malu ma nā wahi mākū a i ʻole e lua i lalo o ka lepo i ka wā maloʻo e pale ai i ka pau ʻana o ka wai. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi ka kaiapuni honua i ka pale palena ʻole mai nā mea ʻaihue, e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka predation.

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā rana Marsh no ke ola ʻana ma ka ʻāina

ʻOiai nā pilikia a lākou e kū nei ma ka ʻāina, ua hoʻomohala nā rana marsh i kekahi mau hoʻololi e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou ola ʻana ma nā wahi noho honua. Loaʻa iā lākou nā māmā i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia e hiki ai iā lākou ke hanu maikaʻi i ka ea, e uku ana i ka nalowale o ka hanu ʻili. ʻO ko lākou hiki ke ʻeli i loko o ka lepo e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka palekana mai nā mea ʻaihue a kōkua iā lākou e mālama i nā pae wai. Eia hou, loaʻa iā lākou kahi meaʻai like ʻole e pili ana i nā insects, spiders, snails, a me nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi, e ʻae iā lākou e ʻimi i kahi ākea ākea o nā kumu meaʻai.

Ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike: Ka wai maʻemaʻe vs ka noho honua

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kūpono o ka wai maʻemaʻe a me nā wahi noho honua no nā rana marsh, ʻike ʻia ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā kaiapuni wai i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ko lākou ola ʻana. Hāʻawi kēia mau wahi i nā kumuwaiwai e pono ai no ka hānau ʻana, ka lako meaʻai nui, a me ka pale ʻana mai ka maloʻo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hiki ʻana o nā rana marsh i nā wahi noho honua e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa i nā wahi hou a hoʻonui i ko lākou ākea, ʻoiai me nā pilikia a me nā palena.

Ka heluna kanaka rana ma nā wahi ʻelua

ʻOiai ko lākou hiki ke ola i loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka honua honua, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā rana marsh i ka nui o nā heluna kanaka ma nā wahi noho wai. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kahua hoʻohua, ka nui o ka meaʻai, a me nā kūlana ola kūpono e kōkua i ka nui o ka nui o ka heluna kanaka ma kēia mau kaiapuni. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou heluna kanaka ma nā wahi noho honua, e hōʻike ana i nā palena a me nā pilikia a lākou e kū nei ma kēia mau wahi.

ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i nā rana i ka wai maʻemaʻe a me nā wahi noho honua

Kūleʻa nā rana marsh i nā ʻano hoʻoweliweli ma nā wahi noho wai a me ka honua. I loko o nā kaiapuni wai maʻemaʻe, ʻo ka haumia, ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā wahi noho, a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻole he mea nui i ko lākou heluna kanaka. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kino wai, e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka ulu nui ʻana o nā mea kanu, hiki ke hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole i ko lākou hānau ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana. Ma ka ʻāina, ʻo ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka nohona, ka noho ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale, a me ka nalo ʻana o nā hale kūpono a me nā kumu meaʻai e hōʻike ana i nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ko lākou ola.

Ka hopena: ʻO ka maʻalahi o nā rana Marsh

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā rana marsh i ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka honua kahi hōʻike i ko lākou ʻano maʻalahi e like me nā amphibians. ʻOiai lākou e ulu nei i nā kaiapuni wai piha, ua hōʻike lākou i ka hiki ke noho a ola ma ka ʻāina, ʻoiai me nā pilikia nui aʻe. ʻO kā lākou anatomy, hoʻololi physiological, a me nā ʻano e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻohana i kahi ākea o nā wahi noho, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou ola. Eia nō naʻe, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hoʻoweliweli a lākou e kū nei ma nā wahi noho ʻelua e hōʻoia i ka mālama lōʻihi o kēia mau amphibian hiki ke hoʻololi.