Mary Allen
Introduction: The Common Nighthawk
ʻO ka nighthawk maʻamau he manu liʻiliʻi ia no ka ʻohana Caprimulgidae, aia pū kekahi me nā pō a me nā whip-poor-wills. He haku ia o ka camouflage a paʻakikī ke ʻike ʻia i ka lā ma muli o kona hulu ʻeleʻele a hina hina. Eia nō naʻe, i ka pō a me ka wanaʻao, ʻoi aku ka ʻeleu o ka nighthawk a ʻike ʻia ka lele ʻana i ka ʻimi ʻai.
ʻOiai kona inoa, ʻaʻole ia he hawk, akā he lālā ia o ka ʻohana nightjar. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia no kāna mau leo ʻoniʻoni kūʻokoʻa a me nā leo ʻokoʻa, e lilo ia i manu kaulana i waena o nā mea nānā manu a me nā mea leʻaleʻa.
Noho ʻana o ka Nighthawk maʻamau
Loaʻa ka nighthawk ma waena o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me Waena, mai ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kanada a i ka ʻākau ʻo Argentina. He ʻano neʻe ia e noho ana i ka hoʻoilo ma ʻAmelika Hema a hoʻi i kona kahua hoʻohua ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i nā mahina kau wela.
Makemake ka nighthawk i nā wahi noho ākea, e like me nā mauʻu, nā pā kula, a me nā wao nahele, akā hiki ke loaʻa ma nā kūlanakauhale, kahi e hoʻomoe ai ma nā hale palahalaha a me nā hale kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe. He ʻano ʻano nocturnal, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka ikaika i ka pō a ʻike pinepine ʻia e lele ana a puni nā kukui alanui a me nā kumu kukui hana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke kino o ka Nighthawk maʻamau
ʻO ka nighthawk maʻamau he manu liʻiliʻi, ʻo ke ana ʻana ma waena o 8 a 10 ʻīniha ka lōʻihi a ʻo ke kaumaha ma waena o 2 a me 3 auneke. He hale paʻa kona me ka ʻēheu ākea a hiki i ka 24 iniha, e hiki ai iā ia ke hana i nā acrobatics lewa.
He ʻōniʻoniʻo ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele ka hulu o ka nighthawk e hāʻawi ana i ka camouflage maikaʻi loa i kona puni. He nuku pōkole a ākea kona a me nā maka nui ʻeleʻele e hāʻawi iā ia i ka ʻike maikaʻi i ka pō.
ʻAi a me ka hanai ʻana o ka Nighthawk maʻamau
He insectivore ka nighthawk maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻai nui ia i nā pepeke. Makemake nui ia i ka mu, nā pīkoi, a me nā ʻanuʻu lele, nāna e hopu i waena o ka lewa me kona waha ākea.
ʻO ka nighthawk he kanaka akamai i ka hahai holoholona a ʻike pinepine ʻia e lele ana a puni nā kukui alanui a me nā kumu kukui hana ʻē aʻe, kahi e huki ʻia ai nā inike. Ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano hana hānai kūʻokoʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo "hawking," kahi e lele ai i hope a i waho ma ke ʻano zigzag, e hopu ana i nā inike ma ka ʻēheu.
Ka Hana Hanau o ka Nighthawk maʻamau
ʻO ka nighthawk maʻamau he mea hānai hoʻokahi e hana i nā pālua monogamous i ka wā hānau. Hānau maʻamau ia ma nā wahi ākea, e like me nā pā kula a me nā mauʻu, kahi e kūkulu ai i kahi pūnana maʻalahi ma ka honua a i ʻole ma kahi pālahalaha, e like me ke ala o ka hale a i ʻole ke alanui ʻiliʻili.
Hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau hua ka hoʻomoe ʻana o ka nighthawk wahine, i hoʻomoʻa ʻia no ʻekolu pule. Hānau ʻia nā moa i uhi ʻia i ka hulu haʻahaʻa a hiki ke haʻalele i ka pūnana ma hope o kekahi mau lā. Hoomau na makua i ka hanai a me ka malama ana i na moa a hiki i ka lakou hanai ana ia lakou iho.
Nā Kūlana Migration o ka Nighthawk maʻamau
ʻO ka nighthawk maʻamau he ʻano neʻe i ka hoʻoilo ma ʻAmelika Hema a hoʻi i kona kahua hoʻohua ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i nā mahina kauwela. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia no kāna mau huakaʻi hele lōʻihi, hiki ke uhi i nā mamao a hiki i 5,000 mau mile.
Hele pinepine ka nighthawk i ka pō, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōkū a me ke kahua hoʻokele honua e hoʻokele. He migrator mehameha, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e neʻe i nā ʻohana e like me nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Nā leo o ka Common Nighthawk
ʻIke ʻia ka nighthawk maʻamau no kāna mau leo leo ʻokoʻa, kahi pūʻulu o nā leo "peent" ihu a me kahi kāhea "boom" buzzy. Hoʻohana ka male nighthawk i kēia mau leo no ka huki ʻana i nā hoa kāne a hoʻokumu i ka ʻāina i ka wā hānau.
ʻIke ʻia ka nighthawk no kāna hōʻike paʻipaʻi ʻēheu kū hoʻokahi, kahi e lele kiʻekiʻe ai i ka lewa a luʻu hou i lalo, e hoʻopuka ana i ka leo paʻipaʻi nui me kona mau ʻēheu. Manaʻo ʻia kēia hōʻike he ʻano ʻāina e kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka mana ma luna o nā kāne ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli i ka lehulehu Nighthawk maʻamau
ʻO ka heluna kanaka nighthawk maʻamau i kēia manawa i manaʻo ʻia he paʻa, akā ke kū nei i kekahi mau mea hoʻoweliweli. ʻO ka lilo a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka noho ʻana, ma muli o ke kaona, ka mahiʻai, a me ka ululāʻau, he mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ke ola o ka nighthawk.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hui ʻana me nā hale a me nā kaʻa, ka ʻaihue ʻana e nā pōpoki home a me nā mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe, a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka pesticide, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ka poʻe pio.
Nā Hoʻoikaika Hoʻomalu no ka Nighthawk maʻamau
Aia kekahi mau hana ho'ōla no ka pale ʻana i ka nighthawk maʻamau a me kona wahi noho. Hoʻopili kēia i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻohua nui a me nā wahi noho pūnana, ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻolālā hale hoʻokipa manu, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticide ma nā wahi mahiʻai.
Mālama ʻia ka nighthawk ma lalo o ke kānāwai Migratory Bird Treaty Act, ʻo ia ka mea ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka hana ʻino a pepehi ʻana paha i kēia ʻano me ka ʻole o ka ʻae.
Ke kuleana o ka Nighthawk maʻamau i loko o nā kaiaola
He koʻikoʻi ko ka nighthawk maʻamau i nā kaiaola ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomake i nā pepeke, e kōkua ana i ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou heluna kanaka. He ʻano ʻano hōʻailona nō hoʻi ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kona hele ʻana a i ʻole ka hele ʻana e ana i ke olakino o ke kaiaola.
Eia kekahi, he hōʻailona moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi ka nighthawk, me ka moʻomeheu waiwai a me nā moʻolelo e hoʻopuni ana iā ia ma nā moʻomeheu ʻōiwi ʻAmelika.
Ka Manaʻo Kuʻuna a me ka Pono Moʻomeheu o ka Common Nighthawk
He koʻikoʻi ko ka nighthawk maʻamau i ka moʻomeheu a me nā moʻolelo o nā moʻomeheu ʻōiwi ʻAmelika. I kekahi mau ʻohana, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka nighthawk he mea pale a he ʻelele, aʻo kekahi, ʻike ʻia he hōʻailona o ka ikaika a me ka wiwo ʻole.
Eia hou, ua lilo ia i kumu kaulana o ka hana noʻeau a me ka palapala, nā hana hoʻoikaika a nā mea pena kiʻi a me nā mea kākau i ka mōʻaukala.
Ka Hopena: Nā ʻoiaʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i ka Nighthawk maʻamau
ʻO ka nighthawk maʻamau he manu hoʻohiwahiwa me kahi pūʻulu kūʻokoʻa o nā ʻano a me nā ʻano. Mai ka hulu manu a me ka hoʻohiwahiwa ʻana i ka lewa a hiki i kāna mau leo kūʻokoʻa a me kāna kuleana koʻikoʻi i nā kaiaola, ʻo ka nighthawk kahi ʻano e hoʻomau a hoʻohauʻoli i ka poʻe kiaʻi manu a me nā mea leʻaleʻa a puni ka honua. Ma ka hana ʻana i nā hana e pale ai i kona wahi noho a mālama i kona heluna kanaka, hiki iā mākou ke hōʻoia i ka ulu mau ʻana o kēia manu kupaianaha no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.