Mary Allen
Introduction: Understanding Rats as Mammals
He ʻike maʻamau ka ʻiole ma ke kūlanakauhale a me ke kuaʻāina, i ʻike pinepine ʻia he mau pests e komo mai i nā hale a hoʻopōʻino. Eia nō naʻe, he mau mea hoihoi nō hoʻi lākou e kaʻana like i nā ʻano olaola me nā kānaka. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea nui, ʻo ka ʻiole he mau mammals, e like me mākou.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale ana i nā ʻiole ma ke ʻano he mammals hiki ke kōkua iā mākou e mahalo i kēia mau mea ola a me ko lākou wahi i ke aupuni holoholona. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā mammals e pili ana i nā ʻiole, mai ko lākou anatomy a hiki i ko lākou ʻano a me ka ulu ʻana.
Ka wehewehe ʻana i nā Māmā: He aha lākou?
He ʻano holoholona vertebrate ʻo nā mammals e kaʻana like i kekahi mau ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia mau mea he koko pumehana, he lauoho a hulu paha, a me ka hana ʻana i ka waiū e hānai ai i kā lākou ʻōpio. He mau niho koʻikoʻi ko nā holoholona i hoʻololi ʻia i kā lākou ʻai, a hānau lākou i nā keiki ola i hānai ʻia e ko lākou mau makuahine.
Hoʻokō nā ʻiole i kēia mau pae hoʻohālike a no laila ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia he mau mammals. He ʻāpana lākou o ke kauoha ʻo Rodentia, aia ma luna o 2,200 ʻano o nā rodents, e like me nā ʻiole, nā squirrels, a me nā beavers.
Anatomy Rat: Pehea ia e hoʻopili ai me nā ʻano Mammalian
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona mammalian i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻiole ʻo ko lākou lauoho a i ʻole ka hulu. He kapa hulu mānoanoa ko ka ʻiole e kōkua iā lākou e hoʻoponopono i ka mahana o ko lākou kino a pale iā lākou mai nā kumu. Hiki ke hoʻopā ʻia ko lākou lauoho, e kōkua iā lākou e hoʻokele i ko lākou kaiapuni a kamaʻilio pū me nā ʻiole ʻē aʻe.
He koko pumehana nō hoʻi nā ʻiole, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka mahana o loko mau me ka nānā ʻole i nā kūlana o waho. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ko lākou ola ʻana, no ka mea, pono lākou e hana ma nā ʻano ākea ākea.
Ka lauoho, ka mammary glands, a me ka pumehana koko
ʻElua mau ʻano mammalian koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻiole ko lākou mammary glands a me ka pumehana koko. ʻO ka mammary glands he mau ʻāpana kūikawā e hana i ka waiū e hānai i nā keiki. I ka ʻiole, aia kēia mau ʻōpū ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ke kino a hoʻohana ʻia e hānai i kā lākou ʻōpiopio.
He koko pumehana nō hoʻi nā ʻiole, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohua i ko lākou wela i loko e mālama i ka mahana kino mau. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ko lākou ola ʻana, no ka mea, pono lākou e hana ma nā ʻano ākea a me nā ʻano piʻi.
Nā niho a me ka ʻāwae: He hōʻailona Māmā
Hōʻike ʻia nā mea momona e ko lākou mau niho kūikawā a me ka hoʻolālā ʻāwae, e hōʻike ana i kā lākou ʻai a me nā hana hānai. He ʻehā ʻāʻī o ka ʻiole ma mua o ko lākou waha i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻai ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka meaʻai. Loaʻa iā lākou nā mola a me nā premolars i hoʻohana ʻia no ka wili a me ka nau.
He ʻano ʻāwae kūʻokoʻa ko nā ʻiole e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻoneʻe i ko lākou ʻaoʻao iwi ā haʻahaʻa i kekahi ʻaoʻao, pono ia no ka wili ʻana i nā mea kanu paʻakikī. He ʻano mammalian ʻokoʻa kēia e hōʻike ana i kā lākou moʻolelo evolutionary a me nā hoʻololi ʻana i ko lākou kaiapuni.
Hoʻohānau Iole: He Kaʻina Māmā
Hoʻohānau nā mea ʻai ma ke ʻano moe kolohe, me ka hānau ʻana o nā wahine he ʻōpiopio. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka ʻiole i kēia lula, a ua like ko lākou ʻōnaehana hānau me nā mea momona ʻē aʻe.
Hiki i nā ʻiole wahine ke oʻo ma kahi o 5-6 mau pule, a ʻo nā kāne ma kahi o 8-10 pule. Hiki i nā ʻiole ke loaʻa nā litters he nui i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me kēlā me kēia ʻōpala he 6-12 mau keiki. Hānau ʻia nā ʻōpiopio i ka makapō a me ka lauoho ʻole, a ua hānai ʻia lākou e ka waiū o ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ka wā e ʻai ai i ka meaʻai paʻa.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka iole: naʻauao a me ka pilikanaka
Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻiole no ko lākou naʻauao a me ko lākou ʻano pilikanaka. ʻO ka ʻiole he mau mea akamai loa i hiki ke aʻo a hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia. He mau holoholona pilikanaka nō hoʻi lākou e noho ana i loko o nā pūʻulu a komo i nā pilina pili kaiaulu, e like me ke kāhiko a me ka pāʻani.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻiole no ko lākou hiki ke hana i nā paʻa paʻa me kā lākou mau kahu kanaka, a mālama pinepine ʻia i mau holoholona no kēia kumu. ʻO ko lākou naʻauao a me ko lākou ʻano pilikanaka he mea hoihoi lākou i nā holoholona e nānā a aʻo.
ʻAi ʻAi Iole: ʻAi ʻAi Omnivorous
Nui nā ʻano meaʻai a nā mammals, mai ka herbivorous a ka carnivorous a i omnivorous. He omnivorous ka ʻiole, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻai lākou i nā mea kanu a me nā mea holoholona. ʻO kā lākou meaʻai e pili ana i nā kīʻaha, nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā pepeke, a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e like me nā iniseti a me nā mea momona liʻiliʻi.
Loaʻa i ka ʻiole kahi meaʻai hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, e hiki ai iā lākou ke ola ma nā ʻano kaiapuni. ʻO kēia maʻalahi kahi ʻano mammalian koʻikoʻi i ʻae i nā mammals e ulu a ulu aʻe i nā miliona mau makahiki.
ʻIle Evolution: Ke ʻimi nei i ka Moʻokūʻauhau Māmā
He moʻolelo evolutionary lōʻihi nā mammals i hiki ke huli ʻia ma mua o 200 miliona mau makahiki. ʻO ka ʻiole kekahi ʻāpana o kēia moʻokūʻauhau, a ʻo kā lākou moʻolelo evolutionary e hāʻawi i nā ʻike i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano mammalian a me nā hoʻololi.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ulu ʻia nā ʻiole mai kahi kupuna maʻamau me nā squirrels a me nā ʻiole ʻē aʻe ma kahi o 50 miliona mau makahiki i hala. I ka wā lōʻihi, ua hoʻomohala lākou i nā hoʻololi kūikawā e hiki ai iā lākou ke ulu i nā ʻano like ʻole, mai ke kūlanakauhale a hiki i ke kua'āina a hiki i ka wao nahele.
Ka hopena: No ke aha he ʻiole ʻoiaʻiʻo nā ʻiole
I ka hopena, he mau mammals maoli ka ʻiole, a loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻano nui e wehewehe i kēia ʻano holoholona. Mai ko lākou pumehana koko a me ka lauoho a hiki i ko lākou niho kūikawā a me ko lākou ʻano, hōʻike nā ʻiole i kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mammalian a me ka ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻiole ma ke ʻano he mammals hiki ke kōkua iā mākou e mahalo i kēia mau mea ola a me ko lākou wahi i ke aupuni holoholona. Inā mākou e nānā ana iā lākou ma ka nahelehele, mālama iā lākou ma ke ʻano he mau holoholona, a i ʻole ke aʻo ʻana iā lākou i loko o kahi keʻena hana, ʻo nā ʻiole kahi ʻāpana waiwai a hoihoi o ko mākou honua.