Introduction to Black Rat Snake

ʻO ka Nahesa ʻIole ʻEleʻele, i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema ʻo Pantherophis obsoletus, he ʻano nahesa make ʻole no ka ʻohana Colubridae. He kanaka maoli ia no ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a ua laha nui ʻia ma ka hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāpana o Kanada. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau nahesa a hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, mai nā ululāʻau a me nā mauʻu i nā ʻāina mahiʻai a me nā wahi kūloko. Me ko lākou mau kino ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻōpū keʻokeʻo a melemele paha, kuhi pinepine ʻia ʻo Black Rat Snakes no nā ʻano mea make, e like me ka Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake.

Nā ʻano kino o ka nahesa ʻiole ʻeleʻele

ʻO nā nahesa ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele he mau nahesa ka nui a hiki i ka nui, me nā pākeke maʻamau ka lōʻihi mai 4 a 6 kapuaʻi, ʻoiai hiki i kekahi poʻe ke piʻi i ka 8 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi. He kino lohi ko lākou i uhi ʻia i nā unahi paheʻe, e hiki ai iā lākou ke neʻe wikiwiki a piʻi i nā kumulāʻau me ka maʻalahi. ʻOkoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu o ko lākou mau unahi ma muli o ko lākou mau makahiki a me ko lākou wahi ʻāina, akā ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao hope, me kekahi poʻe e hōʻike ana i nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻaoʻao ventral o ka nahesa, maʻamau ke keʻokeʻo a melemele paha.

Ka noho ʻana a me ka laha ʻana o ka nahesa ʻiole ʻeleʻele

Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ʻo Black Rat Snakes a hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ʻano wahi like ʻole i ko lākou laha. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia lākou ma nā ululāʻau, nā ululāʻau, nā ʻāpana pōhaku, nā ʻāina mahiʻai, a me nā wahi kūloko. ʻO kēia mau nahesa he mea piʻi maikaʻi loa a hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole ma nā pou pa, kahi e ʻimi ai lākou i ka meaʻai a i ʻole i ka lā. He kamaaina lākou ma ka hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, mai New England a hiki i Florida, a hoʻonui i ke komohana i nā ʻāpana o Texas a me Midwest. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ka hema o Ontario, Kanada.

ʻAi a me ka hanai ʻana o ka nahesa ʻiole ʻeleʻele

E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ko lākou inoa, ʻo ka meaʻai mua o ka Black Rat Snakes he mau rodents liʻiliʻi, me nā ʻiole, nā ʻiole, a me nā vole. Eia naʻe, he mau mea hānai manawaleʻa lākou a e ʻai pū kekahi i nā mea momona liʻiliʻi, nā manu, nā hua manu, a me nā amphibians i kekahi manawa. ʻO kēia mau nahesa he mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, hopu lākou i kā lākou mea pio ma ke kāʻei ʻana i ko lākou mau kino a puni lākou a ʻomi lākou a hiki i ka ʻeha. He poʻe hahai holoholona akamai ʻo Black Rat Snakes a hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau e hiki ai i nā pūnana manu a i ʻole ke komo ʻana i nā lua rodent e hopu ai i kā lākou pio.

ʻO ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hana male ʻana o ka nahesa ʻiole ʻeleʻele

He oviparous ka Black Rat Snakes, ʻo ia hoʻi, waiho lākou i nā hua e hoʻohua ai. Hana ʻia ka male i ka pūnāwai, me ka hoʻokūkū ʻana o nā kāne no ka nānā ʻana o nā wahine. I ka wā o ka hoʻokamakama ʻana, komo nā kāne i ka hakakā ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ko lākou mau kino a hoʻokuʻi ʻia kekahi i kekahi. Ke koho ka wahine i ka hoa, e waiho ʻo ia i 5 a 30 mau hua ma kahi palekana, e like me ka lāʻau palaho a i ʻole ka lua lalo. Waiho ʻia nā hua me ka mālama ʻole ʻia a hoʻoulu ʻia ma kahi o 60 mau lā ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana. He kūʻokoʻa nā nahesa ʻōpiopio mai ka hānau ʻana mai a pono lākou e hānai iā lākou iho.

ʻO nā mea ʻaihue a me nā mea hoʻoweliweli iā Black Rat Snake

ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi nā mea hoʻomake maoli ʻo Black Rat Snakes ma ke ʻano he poʻe mākua, hiki ke maʻalahi i ka predation i ka wā ʻōpiopio a i ʻole i kā lākou mau hua. Hiki i nā mea ʻaihue e like me nā raccoons, nā opossums, nā manu ʻaihue, a me nā nahesa ʻē aʻe ke ʻai i nā hua manu a i ʻole nā ​​​​hua. He mea hoʻoweliweli hoʻi nā kānaka iā Black Rat Snakes ma o ka luku ʻana i ka nohona, ka make ʻana o ke alanui, a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ke kānāwai no ke kālepa holoholona. Eia kekahi, hiki i kēia mau nahesa ke loaʻa i ka pesticide a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana i nā rodenticides i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomalu i ka heluna ʻiole.

ʻO ke ola o ka nahesa ʻiole ʻeleʻele i ka nahele

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā nahesa ʻEleʻele i ka nahelehele i manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o 15 a 25 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi poʻe e ola a hiki i 30 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa. Hiki i nā mea e like me ka predation, ka maʻi, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, a me ka maikaʻi o ka noho ʻana ke hoʻololi i ke ola o kēia mau nahesa. He lōʻihi ko lākou ola i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano nahesa ʻē aʻe, i manaʻo ʻia i ko lākou hiki ke hoʻololi i nā wahi noho like ʻole a me kā lākou mākaukau hahai holoholona.

Nā mea e pili ana i ke ola o ka nahesa ʻiole ʻeleʻele

Hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hoʻololi i ke ola o ka Black Rat Snakes i ka nahele. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu mua ʻo ia ka predation, ʻoiai ʻo nā nahesa ʻōpio a me nā hua manu he mea maʻalahi loa ia i nā mea ʻaihue. He mea koʻikoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai no ko lākou ola ʻana, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ke ola o nā nahesa ʻai ʻole. Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ke olakino holoʻokoʻa o ka heluna nahesa e ka maikaʻi o ka noho ʻana a me nā hana kanaka, e like me ka luku ʻana a me ka haumia. Hiki i nā maʻi a me nā palaʻai ke hoʻopōʻino i ke ola o ka Black Rat Snakes, ʻoiai ua paʻa lākou i nā maʻi nahesa maʻamau.

ʻO ke ola o ka nahesa ʻiole ʻeleʻele i ka pio

Hiki i ka Black Rat Snakes ke noho lōʻihi loa i ka noho pio ʻana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kā lākou mau hoa hihiu. Me ka mālama pono ʻana, me ka pā kūpono, ka meaʻai kaulike, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā holoholona holoholona, ​​​​hiki iā lākou ke ola a hiki i 30 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha. ʻO kekahi mau moʻolelo e hōʻike ana ua hiki i nā makahiki ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o nā makahiki he 40 ʻo Black Rat Snakes i loko o ke pio. Mālama ʻia nā nahesa pio mai nā mea ʻaihue a loaʻa iā lākou kahi lako meaʻai mau, e kōkua ana i ko lākou ola lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo pono i ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau nahesa ma ke ʻano he mau holoholona.

Hoʻohālikelike me nā ʻano nahesa ʻē aʻe

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano nahesa ʻē aʻe, ʻo Black Rat Snakes ka lōʻihi o ke ola. No ka laʻana, ʻo kekahi mau nahesa ʻawaʻawa, e like me ka rattlesnakes, loaʻa ke ola mai 10 a 20 mau makahiki. ʻO nā nahesa make ʻole ʻē aʻe, e like me nā nahesa garter, hiki ke ola no 5 a 10 mau makahiki ma ka nahele. ʻO ka hiki i ka Black Rat Snake ke hoʻololi i nā wahi noho like ʻole a me kona mākaukau hahai holoholona hiki ke kōkua i kona ola lōʻihi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ko lākou nui nui a me ke ʻano o ke kino paʻa hiki ke hāʻawi iā lākou i ka pale maikaʻi aʻe mai nā mea ʻaihue, e hoʻonui hou i ko lākou ola.

Koʻikoʻi o ka Nahesa ʻIole ʻEleʻele ma ka Ecosystem

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka Black Rat Snakes i loko o ke kaiaola ma ke ʻano he mea ʻaihue i nā ʻiole liʻiliʻi. Ma ke kāohi ʻana i nā heluna rodent, kōkua lākou i ka mālama ʻana i ke koena o nā kaiaola kūloko a pale i ka pōʻino i nā mea kanu a me nā noho kanaka. Eia kekahi, kōkua ko lākou hele ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka heluna kanaka o nā mammals liʻiliʻi a me nā manu, e hāʻawi ana i ka nui o nā ʻano olaola o ko lākou mau wahi noho. Ma ke ʻano he mea ʻaihue a he pio, ʻo Black Rat Snakes he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka pūnaewele meaʻai, a he mea koʻikoʻi ko lākou mālama ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā kaiaola olakino.

Ke kūlana mālama a me nā ana no ka nahesa ʻiole ʻeleʻele

Ua helu ʻia ʻo Black Rat Snake ma ke ʻano he ʻano o "Least Concern" e ka International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia kekahi mau heluna kanaka e ka nalo ʻana o ka nohona, ka make ʻana o ke alanui, a me ka hōʻiliʻili kānāwai. No ka mālama ʻana i ke ola lōʻihi o kēia mau nahesa, pono nā hana mālama i ka mālama ʻana i ka nohona, ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā alahele holoholona hihiu, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike e pili ana i ke koʻikoʻi o kēia mau nahesa i ko lākou kaiaola. Pono e hoʻoikaika ʻia e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau pesticides maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻoikaika i ka mālama pono ʻana i nā holoholona e pale aku i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā Black Rat Snakes mai ka nahelehele.