Mary Allen
ʻO ke kumu, ʻike ʻia nā iwi o nā manu i ka pneumatized (piha i ka ea), me ke ʻano o ka pneumatization e ʻokoʻa ʻia e nā ʻano, a e lawelawe ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiki ke lele ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kino. I loko o nā iwi cortical, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā paʻakai inorganic i ka haku mele. ʻO kēia ke alakaʻi i ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, akā ʻoi aku ka palupalu, ʻo ia ke kumu e maʻalahi ai nā manu i nā haki.
Ōuli
Hiki i nā iwi haʻihaʻi o nā manu ke hōʻike iā lākou iho i nā hōʻailona e like me ke kūpaʻa ʻole, makemake ʻole e lele, nā hōʻailona o ka lolo, ke kaumaha, a i ʻole ka hilinaʻi ʻana ma ka wāwae hoʻokahi. ʻO nā ʻēheu e kau ana ma ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ka hulu i hamo ʻia me ke koko, hiki nō ke hana me nā haʻihaʻi hāmama.
Nā kumu
Hiki i nā haʻihaʻi ke loaʻa ma muli o nā kumu predisposing e like me B. Osteomyelitis (inflammation) i nā maʻi kūloko o ka manu, kahi meaʻai maikaʻi ʻole ma ke ʻano o ka calcium a i ʻole calcium-phosphorus ratio (maʻamau i nā ʻōpio raptors hānai ʻia i ka pipi a i ʻole ka ʻōpala), a i ʻole osteoporosis. ʻO ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ka iwi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana no ka mea ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka calcium i loko o nā iwi no ka hana ʻana i nā hua.
ʻO kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke ʻano o ka iwi ponoʻī, e laʻa me B. ka humerus, he ʻano "S" a hiki i nā haʻihaʻi me kekahi mau neʻe ʻana, a me nā ʻōpū o ka iwi a me ka paʻa mau ʻana o nā iwi e nā apo a me nā puka lou. Eia naʻe, i nā manu hihiu, ʻo ke kumu maʻamau ka moeʻuhane waho. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ma muli o ke kī pū, ka hui ʻana me nā uwea uila a i ʻole nā pā uwea, hāʻule nā moa i waho o ka pūnana, a me ka holo ʻana i luna (ʻoi loa i ka hihia o nā raptors nocturnal).
Nā koho koho
ʻO ke koho o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka iwi a me ka haʻihaʻi e mālama ʻia, ka nui o ka manu, nā ʻeha i pili, ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea waiwai, a me nā kumuwaiwai kālā.
ʻO kekahi ala ʻo ka immobilization waho (bandaging), ʻoiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hopena hana no ka holoholona. ʻO kekahi o nā kāʻei pono loa, ʻo ia ke kāʻei honu no nā haʻihaʻi ma waho o ka kuʻekuʻe a me nā kuʻekuʻe lima a hemo paha, a me ke kāʻei ʻo Robert Jones, i hoʻohana ʻia no nā haʻihaʻi ma nā wāwae lalo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā e pono ai ke kaʻina hana no ka hoʻōla wikiwiki a me ka hana piha o ka lālā i hoʻopilikia ʻia.
He mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā papa no ka mea palupalu nā iwi o nā manu a lahilahi loa ko lākou cortex. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka nui a me ke anatomy o kekahi mau manu, no laila ke koho pinepine ʻia nā nila metala; ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i nā manu, aia ka ʻili iwi i loko o ka iwi, no laila, ʻo kēia ʻano hope ke keʻakeʻa nei i ka hana ʻana o ka iwi. Eia kekahi, i nā manu ʻōpiopio, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i nā aʻa e hoʻopuni ana i nā iwi, e hoʻopilikia i ko lākou ulu ʻana.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fixators waho unilateral akā pono e hui pū ʻia me ke kui intramedullary. ʻAʻole keʻakeʻa ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i waho i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka callus iwi, ʻaʻole e hōʻino i nā ami, a ʻaʻole hoʻololi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko, no laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono i nā ʻeha haʻihaʻi i nā raptors paʻakikī e hoʻopaʻa. ʻAe kēia mau mea hoʻoponopono i nā ʻēheu e neʻe, e maʻalahi i ka manu ke hoʻomaka i nā lele liʻiliʻi a me nā neʻe ʻana o nā ʻiʻo ma mua.