Mary Allen
Hoʻolauna: ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻīlio
ʻO nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻīlio no ka ʻohana hoʻokahi, Canidae, a kaʻana like i nā ʻano kino a me nā ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ua hānai ʻia nā ʻīlio no nā kaukani makahiki a noho pū me nā kānaka, ʻo nā ʻīlio hae nā holoholona hihiu e pale mau i ka pilina kanaka. ʻOiai kēia ʻokoʻa, hiki i nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio ke hui pū kekahi i kekahi ma ka nahelehele, e alakaʻi ana i nā nīnau e pili ana i ko lākou hiki ke noho pū.
Wolves a me nā ʻīlio: hiki iā lākou ke noho pū?
He pilikia paʻakikī ka noho pū ʻana o nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻīlio. I kekahi mau hihia, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻīlio i ka hana ʻana i nā pilina pili kanaka, ʻoiai ma nā hihia ʻē aʻe, manaʻo paha lākou i kekahi i kekahi he mea hoʻokūkū a hoʻoweliweli paha. ʻO ka likelike o ka noho pū ʻana ma muli o nā mea e like me ka nui o ka lehulehu o ka wolf, ka ʻīlio ʻīlio, a me nā ʻano pilikino o nā holoholona i pili. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i nā kūlana kahi e launa pū ai nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio, no ka mea hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hana hiki ʻole a me ka pōʻino.
Ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻīlio
ʻO nā ʻīlio he mau mea ola e noho ana i loko o nā ʻeke, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻīlio e noho kaʻawale a noho i nā hui liʻiliʻi. Me kēia ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio i kā lākou ʻano, e like me kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōlelo kino e kamaʻilio, kā lākou ʻano hahai holoholona, a me kā lākou ʻano ʻāina. Ke launa pū nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, mai ka ʻimi aloha a i ka huhū. ʻO ke ʻano o ka launa pū ʻana e pili ana i kēlā me kēia holoholona a me nā kūlana e pili ana i ka hālāwai.
ʻO nā Wolves Social Creatures?
ʻO nā ʻīlio hae nā holoholona pilikanaka e noho ana i loko o nā ʻeke i alakaʻi ʻia e kahi pālua alpha. I loko o ka pūʻolo, he kuleana ko kēlā me kēia ʻīlio hae a kōkua i ke ola o ka hui ma o ka hopu ʻana, ka pale ʻana i ka ʻāina, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpio. Hoʻohana ʻo Wolves i nā ʻano kamaʻilio like ʻole no ka mālama ʻana i nā pilina pili kanaka, me ka leo leo, ka ʻōlelo kino, a me ka hōʻailona ʻala. ʻOiai ko lākou ʻano pilikanaka, makaʻala nā ʻīlio hae i nā mea ʻē aʻe, me nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe, a manaʻo paha lākou he mau mea hoʻoweliweli.
Hoʻouka ʻo Wolves i nā ʻīlio?
Ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā ʻīlio i nā ʻīlio ma ka nahelehele, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā wahi i uhi ʻia ko lākou wahi noho. ʻO ka pilikia o ia hoʻouka kaua e pili ana i nā mea e like me ka nui a me ka ʻano o ka ʻīlio, ka ʻano o ka ʻīlio, a me nā ʻano o ka ʻīlio hae. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻīlio ʻoi aʻe a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻouka ʻana, e like me nā ʻīlio e auwana ana i ka ʻāina ʻīlio hae. Eia nō naʻe, he kakaikahi ka hoʻouka ʻana, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻīlio e pale aku i ka hakakā me nā ʻīlio inā hiki.
No ke aha e hoʻouka ai nā ʻīlio hae i nā ʻīlio?
Hiki i nā ʻīlio hae ke hoʻouka i nā ʻīlio no nā kumu like ʻole, me ka pale ʻāina, ka hoʻokūkū no nā kumuwaiwai, a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i kā lākou ʻōpio. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i nā ʻīlio hae ke nānā aku i nā ʻīlio he pio a hoʻouka iā lākou ma ke ʻano o kā lākou ʻano hahai holoholona maoli. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole ʻike nā ʻīlio i nā ʻīlio ma ke ʻano he kumu meaʻai mua a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana iā lākou no ka pale ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina a i ʻole nā hua.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o nā ʻīlio ʻīlio i ka hui ʻana o Wolf
Hiki i ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio ke pāʻani nui i kāna mau pilina me nā ʻīlio hae. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano, e like me nā ʻīlio kahu holoholona, ua hānai ʻia e pale i nā holoholona mai nā ʻīlio hae a me nā mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe a hiki ke ʻoi aku ka hiki ke pale aku iā lākou iho mai nā ʻīlio hae. ʻO nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me nā ʻīlio hahai holoholona, hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hakakā me nā ʻīlio hae ma muli o kā lākou ʻano a me kā lākou aʻo ʻana. He mea nui i ka poe nona ka ilio ke hoomaopopo i ka lakou ilio a me ka hana ma na wahi me ka iliohae lehulehu.
Pehea ka hana a nā ʻīlio i nā ʻīlio hae?
Hiki i nā ʻīlio ke hana i nā ʻīlio ma nā ʻano like ʻole, ma muli o kā lākou ʻano, ʻano, a me kā lākou ʻike mua me nā ʻīlio. Hiki paha i kekahi mau ʻīlio ke ʻimi a aloha paha i nā ʻīlio hae, a ʻo kekahi poʻe he makaʻu a huhū paha. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu o nā ʻīlio i launa pū me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻīlio hae mai ka wā ʻōpiopio. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo he mau holoholona hānai nā ʻīlio a ʻaʻole like nā manaʻo a i ʻole nā mana like me nā ʻīlio.
Hiki i nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio hae ke pāʻani pū?
ʻOiai hiki i nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio hae ke pāʻani pū, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia. Hiki i ka hana pāʻani ma waena o nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio hae ke piʻi koke i ka huhū a i ʻole ka hoʻokūkū, ʻoiai inā ʻike kekahi holoholona i kekahi he mea hoʻoweliweli. Eia hou, paʻakikī ke ʻano o ka pāʻani ʻana mai ka hana hahai holoholona, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻole a me nā kūlana weliweli. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio hae i mea e pale aku ai i nā hakakā.
ʻO ka hiki o ka home
ʻOiai ko lākou pilina pili kino, ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio i ka ʻano, ka ʻano, a me ka pilikanaka. ʻOiai ua hānai ʻia nā ʻīlio no nā kaukani mau makahiki e lilo i mau hoa no ke kanaka, ʻo nā ʻīlio hae nā holoholona hihiu ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i ka kaʻina hana home like. ʻOiai hiki ke hānai i ka ʻīlio hae ma ke ʻano he holoholona, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia ma muli o ko lākou ʻano kūlohelohe a me ke ʻano o ka huhū. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻīlio hae he pilikia paʻakikī a hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pono ai ka noʻonoʻo pono ʻana i nā manaʻo kūpono a me ka pono.
Ka hopena: ʻO nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻīlio i ka nahelehele
Ua like nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio i kā lākou ʻano a me nā ʻano kino, akā he ʻano ʻokoʻa lākou me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano ʻano. ʻOiai hiki iā lākou ke noho pū i kekahi mau hihia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i nā kūlana i hiki ai iā lākou ke launa. Pono nā mea nona nā ʻīlio e makaʻala i ka hana a me ka hānau ʻana o kā lākou ʻīlio i nā wahi me ka lehulehu o nā ʻīlio, a e mālama pono i ka palekana i ko lākou palekana. ʻO ka noho pū ʻana o nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio he pilikia paʻakikī e pono e noʻonoʻo pono i ka ʻano a me nā pono o nā ʻano ʻelua.
Nānā: Haʻawina e pili ana i nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻīlio
- Mech, L. David, a me Luigi Boitani. "Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation." Ke Kulanui o Chicago Press, 2003.
- Udell, Monique AR, et al. "He aha ka hana ʻana i nā ʻīlio? He moʻolelo hou o ka naʻau o nā ʻīlio i nā hana kanaka." Nā Manaʻo Kūlohelohe, vol. 85, aole. 2, 2010, pp. 327-345.
- Gompper, Matthew E. "Nā ʻīlio manuahi a me ka mālama holoholona hihiu." ʻO Oxford University Press, 2014.
- Newsome, Thomas M., et al. "ʻO ka hopena o ke kaiaola a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻokomo hou ʻana i nā carnivores nui: kahi noiʻi hihia o ka diabolo Tasmanian." Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 52, aole. 6, 2015, p. 1469-1477.