Mary Allen
Gabatarwa: Kwanakin Kare na bazara
Kalmar "kwanakin kare na bazara" na nufin lokacin rani mafi zafi da zalunci, yawanci tsakanin Yuli da Agusta. Lokaci ne da sau da yawa yanayi yakan yi zafi kuma ba ta da ƙarfi, kuma zafi ba zai iya jurewa ba. Amma daga ina wannan kalmar ta fito? A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika asalin kalmar da kuma dawwamammen gadonta.
Tsohuwar Astronomy da Dog Star
Asalin kalmar "kwanakin kare" za a iya komawa zuwa ga tsohuwar falaki da Tauraruwar Dog, Sirius. Sirius shine tauraro mafi haske a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Canis Major, kuma ya kasance muhimmin abu na sama ga yawancin tsoffin al'adu. Tsohon Helenawa da Romawa sun yi imanin cewa Sirius ne ke da alhakin yanayin zafi, bushewar lokacin rani, kuma bayyanarsa a sararin sama yana nuna farkon lokacin mafi zafi na shekara.
The Mythical Dog, Sirius
Sunan "Sirius" ya fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci don "haske" ko "ƙonawa," kuma tauraron yana hade da karnuka masu tatsuniyoyi a cikin al'adu na da. A cikin tarihin Girkanci, Sirius an ce shi ne kare farautar Orion the Hunter, kuma an san shi da "Tauraron Kare." A cikin tarihin Masar, Sirius yana da alaƙa da allahiya Isis kuma an san shi da "Tauraron Nilu," kamar yadda bayyanarsa a sararin sama ke nuna alamar ambaliyar kogin Nilu a kowace shekara.
Tashi na tsohuwar Roma
Yayin da Daular Roma ta hau mulki, imanin da ke kewaye da Sirius da Tauraron Kare ya zama ruwan dare. Romawa sun yi imanin cewa kwanakin rani mafi zafi sun faru ne ta hanyar daidaitawar Sirius da rana, kuma sun kira wannan lokacin "caniculares ya mutu," ko "kwanakin kare." An yi amfani da kalmar don nufin lokacin daga ƙarshen Yuli zuwa farkon Satumba, lokacin da yanayi ya kasance mafi zafi kuma mafi zalunci.
Caniculares ya mutu da Kalanda na Roman
Romawa sun haɗa da kwanakin kare a cikin kalandar su, wanda aka raba zuwa watanni goma sha biyu dangane da matakan wata. An haɗa kwanakin kare a cikin watan Agusta, wanda aka sanya wa sunan sarki Augustus. Asali dai watan yana da kwanaki 30 ne kawai, amma Augustus ya ƙara masa kwana ɗaya don ya yi daidai da na Yuli, wanda aka sa masa suna Julius Kaisar.
Imani Da Ikon Taurari
Romawa na d ¯ a sun yi imanin cewa Sirius yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi da kuma haɗari a wasu lokuta a duniya. Sun ɗauka cewa daidaitawar tauraro da rana zai iya jawo girgizar ƙasa, zazzaɓi, har ma da hauka ga mutane da dabbobi. Don su kāre kansu daga waɗannan abubuwan, za su yi sadaukarwa ga alloli kuma su guje wa wasu ayyuka a lokacin kare, kamar yin aure ko kuma soma sababbin sana’o’i.
Kalmar "Ranakun Kare" Yana Shiga Turanci
Kalmar “kwanakin kare” ta shiga yaren Ingilishi a ƙarni na 16, kuma an yi amfani da ita wajen nuni ga zafafan ranakun bazara. A cikin karni na 19, kalmar nan "kwanakin bazara" ya zama sananne a cikin adabi da al'adu, kuma tun daga lokacin ya zama furci na yau da kullum da ake amfani da shi don kwatanta wannan lokaci na shekara.
Shahararriyar Adabi da Al'adu
An yi amfani da kalmar "kwanakin kare na bazara" a cikin ayyukan wallafe-wallafe daban-daban da kuma sanannun al'adu. Ya bayyana a cikin "Julius Caesar" na Shakespeare, inda Mark Antony ya ce, "Waɗannan kwanakin kare ne, lokacin da iska ke nan." Har ila yau ya bayyana a cikin littafin "Don Kashe Mockingbird" na Harper Lee, inda Scout ya kwatanta zafi na rani a matsayin "kwanakin kare."
Amfani da Fahimtar Zamani
A yau, ana amfani da kalmar "kwanakin kare na rani" don kwatanta lokacin zafi mafi zafi da zalunci, ba tare da la'akari da ko Sirius yana gani a sama ba. Yayin da imani ga ikon tauraro ya dusashe sosai, kalmar ta jure, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da ita wajen kwatanta wannan lokacin na shekara.
Bayanin Kimiyya na Yanayi
Duk da yake tsoffin gaskatawar da ke kewaye da Sirius da kwanakin kare na iya zama kamar ƙwanƙwasa ga masana kimiyyar zamani, akwai wasu tushen kimiyya na kalmar. Kwanakin kare yawanci sun zo daidai da lokacin mafi zafi na shekara, wanda ke haifar da haɗuwa da abubuwa, ciki har da karkatar da axis na duniya da kuma kusurwar hasken rana.
Kammalawa: Dogayen Gadon Kwanakin Kare
Kalmar "kwanakin kare na bazara" na iya samo asali ne daga tsohuwar imani game da ikon Tauraron Kare, amma tun daga lokacin ya zama dutsen al'ada wanda ya dawwama har yau. Ko mun yi imani da ikon tauraro ko a'a, duk zamu iya yarda cewa kwanakin kare lokacin rani lokaci ne da yanayin zai iya zama mai zafi da rashin jin daɗi.
Nassoshi da Karin Karatu
- "Ranakun Kare na bazara: Menene Su? Me yasa ake kiran su haka?" ta Sarah Pruitt, History.com
- "Dog Days," na Deborah Byrd, EarthSky
- "Me yasa Ake Kiran Su 'Karkun Kare' na bazara?" by Matt Soniak, Mental Floss