Mary Allen
Amphibians (daga tsohuwar Girkanci amphibium = rayuwa biyu), kuma aka sani da amphibians, dabbobi ne masu sanyi kuma ana la'akari da su mafi tsufa na harajin kasusuwa masu rai. Amphibian na farko sun bayyana kusan shekaru miliyan 400 da suka gabata a zamanin Devonian geological zamanin. Kusan duk masu amphibians suna tafiya ta hanyar abin da ake kira metamorphosis a lokacin rayuwarsu, wanda ke nufin cewa siffar su ta canza. Misali mai sauƙi na wannan shine kwadi. Tadpoles suna tasowa da farko daga hadi. A cikin wannan mahallin ma mutum yana magana akan sigar tsutsa. A cikin makonni, tadpole yana girma kuma, a cikin matakai da yawa, ya juya ya zama kwadi. Tare da kammala metamorphosis, tsohuwar ƙwayar tsutsa ta zama dabbar manya. Daga wannan lokacin, amphibian yana cikin matakin girma (adult = babba).
Yawancin masu amphibians kuma suna canza mazauninsu tare da kammala metamorphosis. Tadpoles mazaunan ruwa ne zalla tare da numfashin gill. Kwadi suna shaka ta cikin huhunsu, wanda ke tasowa yayin metamorphosis. Saboda wannan dalili, masu amphibians suna wakiltar haɗin gwiwa, don yin magana, tsakanin nau'in ruwa da na ƙasa. Kila vertebrates sun zo bakin teku ne daga wani nau'in nau'in amphibians na yau, wanda ya samo asali daga kifin ƙashi.
Amphibian da suka wanzu sun kasu zuwa umarni uku:
- Kwadi: misali kwadi, kwadi;
- Tailed amphibians: ciki har da newts, olm, axolotl, da salamander;
- Amphibian masu rarrafe: ciki har da tsutsotsi.
Halayen amphibians:
Amphibians (amphibians) suna da wasu halaye waɗanda ke da cikakkiyar kamala ga wannan aji na kashin baya. Musamman, wannan ya haɗa da ikon metamorphosis, kasancewar cloaca, ko poikilothermy. A cikin ɗaiɗaikun lokuta, yana iya faruwa cewa ba duk halayen da aka jera a nan sun shafi nau'in amphibian ba. Alal misali, ba duk masu amphibians dole ne su sami glandan dafin ba ko kuma ingantaccen yanayin gani.
Numfashi: A matsayin tsutsa, numfashi yana faruwa ta hanyar gills, daga baya a cikin matakin girma ta huhu.
Hannun hannu: Amphibians suna da gaba ɗaya gaɓoɓi huɗu (ƙafafu na gaba biyu, ƙafar baya biyu). A cikin wasu nau'ikan, ɓangarorin suna bayyana a cikin nau'i mai tsauri.
Haihuwa: Ana hadi qwai a waje a cikin ruwa. Ma'ana babu kwaya kamar na dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Venom: Yawancin nau'ikan amphibian suna da glandon dafin a fatar jikinsu.
Numfashin fata: Ƙananan adadin iskar oxygen da ake buƙata za a iya shiga ta cikin fatar amphibian.
Cloaca: Amphibians suna da mafita guda ɗaya don urethra da dubura, abin da ake kira cloaca.
Spawn: Larvae na amphibian ƙyanƙyashe daga spawn.
Wuri: Amphibians na iya rayuwa duka a cikin ruwa da kuma a ƙasa. Mahimmanci ya dogara da matakin ci gaban amphibian.
Metamorphosis: Amphibians suna fuskantar haɓaka (metamorphosis) daga tsutsa zuwa babba. A cikin tsari, yawancin nau'in amphibian suna canzawa daga dabbobin ruwa zuwa dabbobin ƙasa.
Poikilothermy: Duk masu amphibians masu jinin sanyi ne. Yanayin zafin jikin ku ya dogara da yanayin zafi.
Slime glands: Fatar amphibians a koyaushe tana danshi da slime glands na musamman.
Hankali: Kusan duk masu amphibians suna da kyakkyawar ma'anar gani. Suna mayar da martani musamman ga abubuwan motsa jiki.
Vertebrates: A matsayin vertebrates, manya masu amphibians suna da kashin baya.
Menene misalan masu amphibians?
Toad cane, axolotl, gobara salamander, frog, gecko, olm, itacen frog, newt, guba dart frog, santsi sabo, toad, yashi kadangare.
Amphibians sune haraji mafi tsufa na kashin bayan ƙasa.
Amphibians suna tafiya ta hanyar metamorphosis: daga nau'in tsutsa zuwa matakin girma.
Tare da kammala metamorphosis, yawancin amphibians suma sun canza wurin zama (daga ruwa zuwa ƙasa).
Menene bambanci tsakanin masu amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe?
Amphibians sun fi son wuraren zama masu ɗanɗano, guje wa rana kuma suna tafiya a hankali a ƙasa. Ba sa sha, amma suna shayar da ruwa ta fatar jikinsu, wanda yawanci yake da ɗanshi. Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna son zafin rana, kamar sunbathe da shan ruwa sosai. Fatar jikinsu ta bushe koyaushe.
Shin amphibians suna da dumi ko sanyi?
Duk masu amphibians sune ectotherms (abin da ake kira "jinin sanyi"), yanayin da suke raba tare da invertebrates, kifi, da dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Menene nau'in amphibian mafi girma a duniya?
Mafi girma amphibian a duniya - giant salamander na kasar Sin (Andrias davidianus, hoto) - ya kamata a raba shi zuwa akalla nau'i biyar, dukansu suna cikin haɗari a cikin daji, a cewar wani sabon bincike.
Ana rarraba kada a matsayin masu amphibians ko dabbobi masu rarrafe?
Dabbobi masu rarrafe su ne kunkuru, macizai, kadangaru, algators, da kada. Ba kamar masu amphibians ba, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna numfashi ne kawai ta huhunsu kuma suna da busasshiyar fata mai laushi wanda ke hana su bushewa. Amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe ana kiransu da herpetofauna, ko “herps” a takaice.
Menene bambanci tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa da masu amphibians?
Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna haihuwa suna ƙanana, yayin da haihuwar amfibiya ke faruwa a waje. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da jini mai dumi, yayin da masu amphibians kuma masu sanyi ne. Dabbobi masu shayarwa za su iya rayuwa a duk wuraren zama, ba kamar masu amphibians ba, kuma suna da launin shuɗi. Wasu masu amphibians na iya sabunta gaɓoɓinsu.
Kunkuru mai rarrafe ne ko kuma amphibian?
Kunkuru mashahuran dabbobi ne. Kyawawan dabi'arsu, yanayin tafiyar hawainiya da manyan idanuwa suna sa kunkuru su yi kyau. Amma sun kasance kuma za su kasance masu rarrafe. Da kyar suke da abokan gaba.
Ta yaya masu amphibians suka bambanta da kifi?
Domin kashin baya na farko (marasa jawwa) da kashin baya na farko, kifi, ba su iya rayuwa cikin ruwa kawai. Masu amphibians sun kafa yanayi na wucin gadi kuma azuzuwan uku masu zuwa ba su da zaman kansu daga ruwa. Banda wannan akwai wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa, irin su whale, waɗanda suka koma cikin ruwa.
Menene amphibian mafi wayo?
A gaskiya ma, a cikin masu amphibians, anurans, ko kwadi da ƙwanƙwasa, ƙila su ne mafi hankali, kuma suna da mafi girman kwakwalwa zuwa jikin jiki na amphibians.
Ta yaya amphibians suke shaƙa?
Yawancin masu amphibians suna numfashi ta huhu da fata. Dole ne fatar jikinsu ta jike don su sami iskar oxygen don haka suna ɓoye mucous don kiyaye fatar jikinsu (Idan sun bushe sosai, ba za su iya numfashi ba kuma za su mutu).
Menene bambanci tsakanin dabbobi masu rarrafe, amphibians, da dabbobi masu shayarwa?
Amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe dabbobi ne masu jin sanyi. Ayyukan su na rayuwa yana ƙaruwa kuma yana raguwa tare da yanayin zafi. Dabbobi masu shayarwa kuwa, dabbobi ne masu dumi. Tsarin ku na numfashi yana dacewa da aiki koyaushe mai girma na rayuwa.