Mary Allen
Akwai wasu nau'ikan karnuka da aka ce suna da hankali musamman. Amma menene ainihin ya ƙunshi hankali a cikin karnuka? A cewar masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, wadannan nau'ikan karnuka guda 10 sun fi hankali.
Auna hankali yana da wahala. Domin akwai “iri” na hankali da yawa. Misali, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Stanley Coren ya rubuta game da wadannan nau'ikan hankali guda uku:
- hankali na daidaitawa: gano abubuwa da kanku, canza / daidaita hali da kanku;
- hankali aiki: bi umarni;
- kaifin basira: hazaka na asali.
Har ila yau, akwai wasu nau'o'i irin su basirar sararin samaniya ko zamantakewa kuma, sama da duka a cikin mutane, ilimin harshe, kiɗa, ko hankali-mathematical hankali.
Nazari akan Hankalin Karnuka
Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Coren ya gudanar da binciken leken asirin canine a cikin 1990s, yana yin hira da alkalai 199 na karnuka masu biyayya. A cikin littafinsa "The Intelligence of Dogs" (1994) ya gabatar da sakamakonsa kuma ya rarraba nau'in kare zuwa "azuzuwan hankali" daban-daban. Ya dauki abubuwa guda biyu:
- Sau nawa ne kare ke buƙatar koyon sabon umarni?
- Kashi nawa ne kare yayi biyayya?
Don haka, binciken Coren da farko ya ƙunshi basirar aiki.
10 Mafi Wayo Dog Breeds A cewar Stanley Coren
A cewar masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Stanley Coren, wadannan su ne nau'in karnuka goma da suka fi hankali. Tun da yake kawai ya bincika basirar aiki, wanda zai iya kwatanta su a matsayin "mafi yawan karnuka masu biyayya". Coren ya kira waɗannan karnuka 10 "aji na farko": Suna koyon sabon umarni a ƙasa da maimaita biyar kuma suna biyayya aƙalla kashi 95 na lokaci.
Wuri na 10: Karen Shanun Australiya
Karen Shanun Australiya kare ne mai aiki wanda ke buƙatar motsa jiki da yawa da ayyuka iri-iri. Shi mai son mutane ne kuma mai wasa. Saboda girman hankalinsa, ya dace a matsayin kare mai gadi. Yana son yin ayyukan da aka ba shi saboda yana da sha'awar yin aiki. Tun da yake sau da yawa yana da rinjaye sosai, yana buƙatar horo mai dacewa da zamantakewa kuma bai dace da masu farawa ba.
Wuri na 9: Rottweilers
Rottweiler kare ne mai faɗakarwa tare da ɗabi'a mai ƙarfi da ilhami mai karewa. Wannan kare bai dace da masu farawa ba. Yana iya tantancewa da kimanta yanayi da kansa kuma yana da hankali sosai. An haɓaka da kyau da zamantakewa, Rottweiler abokin tarayya ne mai aminci kuma yana nuna ɓangaren ƙauna. Ana amfani da shi azaman kare 'yan sanda.
Wuri na 8: Papillon
Karamin papillon karen dangi ne mai kyawu, mai rai, kuma abokantaka kuma an san yana da hankali da hankali, yana sauƙaƙa horarwa. Hakanan yana da ma'anar motsin zuciyar ɗan adam. Papillon yana da zurfin bincike kuma yana son kowane nau'in wasanni: yana jin daɗin dawowa, shashi, da wasannin hankali.
Wuri na 7: Labrador Retrievers
Shahararren Labrador Retriever ana daukarsa a matsayin kare mai hazaka da dama. Yana da hankali sosai kuma yana son koyo kuma yana da matukar bukata don faranta wa mai shi rai. Ayyukansa a matsayin kare mai ceto, kare jagora da kare maharbi na muggan ƙwayoyi sun nuna yadda wannan nau'in kare yake da amfani da hankali.
Wuri na 6: Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog wani nau'in kare ne mai horarwa, haziƙanci, kyawawan ɗabi'a, da abokantaka. Asali ana amfani da su azaman karnukan kiwo, Shelties suna koyo cikin sauri da farin ciki. Suna buƙatar doguwar tafiya a cikin yanayi kowace rana kuma suna son samun ƙalubalen tunani. Horowa azaman magani ko kare ceto yana yiwuwa tare da Shetland Sheepdog.
Wuri na 5: Doberman Pinscher
Dobermann yana da saurin fahimta da son koyo don haka dole ne a kalubalanci duka ta hankali da ta jiki. Dangantakar mutanensa da bukatuwarsa na cuddles suna haɓaka sosai ne kawai idan an biya waɗannan buƙatun. 'Yan sanda da sojoji ma suna amfani da karnuka masu faɗakarwa da masu zafin rai.
Matsayi na hudu: Golden Retrievers
The Golden Retriever wani ruhi ne na kuzari wanda ke buƙatar duka yawan ayyukan tunani da motsa jiki don yin farin ciki. Saboda daidaitawar sa, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin kare dangi mai kyau kuma yana da mutuƙar son mutane. Karnuka suna mayar da martani ga murya da harshen jiki kuma suna da sauƙin horarwa a cikin wasa da ƙauna, tare da cakuda ban dariya da daidaito.
Wuri na uku: Makiyayin Jamus
Makiyayi na Jamus wani kare ne mai wayo wanda ke son koyo da aiki, wanda - tare da horon da ya dace - zai zama abokin biyayya da aminci ga rayuwa. Hankalinsa yana bayyana a matsayinsa na makiyaya, 'yan sanda, da kare soja. Makiyayi Bajamushe yana buƙatar yawan aiki na hankali da na jiki da kuma mai dagewa wanda ke koya masa ƙauna da daidaito.
Wuri na biyu: Poodle
Poodles suna cikin mafi wayo irin nau'in karnuka saboda suna da wayo, masu sha'awar koyo, daidaitawa, tausayi, da kuma dacewa sosai. Suna amsa da kyau ga horarwar ɗan adam kuma suna bin umarni cikin sauƙi. Saboda iyawarsu na koyo, poodles sun daɗe suna shaharar karnukan circus. Poodles suna da alaƙa da mutane da ƙauna kuma za su yi wani abu don faranta wa mutanen "su" farin ciki.
Wuri na farko: Border Collie
Ana ɗaukar Border Collie a matsayin "Einstein" na karnuka. Yana koyo da sauri kuma yana buƙatar aikin jiki da tunani mai yawa wanda bai dace da karnuka novice ba. Tarbiyarsa da horarwarsa suna buƙatar hankali sosai domin da zarar Border Collie ya shiga cikin hali, yana da wahala a sake horar da shi daga ciki. An haifi Border Collie don kiwon tumaki kuma yana yin wannan aikin da kyau da farin ciki.
Wadannan nau'ikan karnuka guda goma wani lokaci suna da bambanci sosai, amma kuma suna da halaye da yawa. Ya zama a sarari cewa kare breeds classified bisa ga aiki hankali kuma suna da halaye da ke magana don daidaitawa ko hankali hankali: Misali, tausayi, daidaitawa, da cikar ayyuka a cikin kiwo, gadi, ko karnukan ceto kuma suna nuna babban hankali.
Har ila yau, ya bayyana cewa babban hankali da kuma shirye-shiryen koyo a cikin karnuka ba "karin" mai kyau ba ne, amma halayen halayen da ke tilasta mai shi don ƙarfafawa da kiyaye karensa, in ba haka ba kare ba zai yi farin ciki ba.
Ƙarƙashin Ƙarshen Kare Mai Hankali?
Baya ga nau'o'in karnuka guda goma da aka gabatar, wanda masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Stanley Coren ya bayyana a matsayin "aji na farko", ya rarraba sauran nau'ikan karnuka:
- Darasi na Biyu: Kyawawan karnuka masu aiki waɗanda suka saba koyan sabbin umarni cikin sa'o'i biyar zuwa 15 kuma suna yin biyayya da kashi 85 na lokaci.
Misalan wannan ajin: Miniature Schnauzer, Collie, Cocker Spaniel, Weimaraner, Bernese Mountain Dog, Pomeranian
- Darasi na uku: Ƙarnukan da ke aiki sama da matsakaici waɗanda suka saba koyon sabon umarni a cikin maimaitawa 15 zuwa 25 kuma suna yin biyayya da kashi 70 na lokaci.
Misalan wannan ajin: Yorkshire Terriers, Newfoundlands, Irish Setters, Affenpinscher, Dalmatians
- Mataki na Hudu: Matsakaicin karnuka masu aiki waɗanda suka saba koyan sabon dabara bayan 25 zuwa 40 sun gwada kuma suna biyayya aƙalla kashi 50 na lokaci.
Misalan wannan ajin: Wolfhound Irish, Makiyayi na Australiya, Saluki, Husky Siberian, Dan dambe, Babban Dane
- Mataki na biyar: Karnukan da ke aiki masu adalci waɗanda suka saba koyan sabon umarni a cikin maimaitawa 40 zuwa 80 kuma suna yin biyayya da kashi 40 na lokaci.
Misalan wannan ajin: Pug, Faransa Bulldog, Lakeland Terrier, St. Bernard, Chihuahua
- Darasi na Shida: Mafi ƙarancin karnuka masu aiki, koyan sabon dabara bayan maimaita sama da 100 da yin biyayya kusan kashi 30 na lokaci.
Misalai na wannan ajin: mastiff, beagle, chow chow, bulldog, Afghanistan hound
Ko da kuwa ajin, waɗannan rarrabuwa ne kawai. Tabbas, kowane kare mutum ne kuma saboda haka hankali na iya bambanta daga kare zuwa kare.
A cikin waɗannan rarrabuwa, ƙwarewar aiki ta kasance a gaba. Ba yana nufin, don haka, cewa karnukan da Coren ya rarraba a matsayin marasa hankali ba "bebe" ne ko masu sauki ba. Don kawai kare ba ya bin umarnin ɗan adam (ko da yaushe) ba yana nufin “marasa hankali bane”. Masanin halayyar dabba Frans de Waal, alal misali, ya kare Coren na karshe na Afganistan Hound: Ba wai kawai an yanke shi da bushe ba, amma "mai tunanin 'yanci" wanda ba ya son bin umarni. Wannan nau'in kare watakila ya fi kama da kuliyoyi waɗanda ba sa son daidaitawa.