Ciwon Zuciya a Karnuka da Cats

"Kare na yana da wani abu a zuciyarsa" wani abu ne da kuke yawan ji, musamman ma lokacin da dabba ya ɗan girma. Amma menene duka game da shi? Likitan dabbobi Dr Sebastian Goßmann-Jonigkeit ya ba da haske game da alamun cututtukan zuciya a cikin karnuka da kuliyoyi kuma ya nuna yiwuwar hanyoyin kwantar da hankali.

Ciwon Zuciya… Menene Ma'anar Ainihin Hakan?

Anan akwai ziyarar tashi zuwa ilimin zuciya - kimiyyar zuciya.
Zuciya tana da aiki iri ɗaya a cikin dukkan dabbobi: tana fitar da jini ta jiki. Wannan yana ba da tabbacin cewa iskar oxygen ɗin da ke daure da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini yana samuwa ga kowane tantanin halitta a cikin adadi mai yawa. Abin da ake bukata zai iya bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa babba yayin motsa jiki na jiki a hutawa - ramawa ga wannan kuma ya fada cikin yankin zuciya na alhakin.

Tsarin Zuciya

Tare da wasu ƴan abubuwan da ke cikin daular dabba, a tsarin zuciya tana kama da wata gaɓa mai ɓarna. A kowane bangare akwai babban ventricle a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin atrium, a fili keɓaɓɓe daga juna ta hanyar bawul ɗin zuciya wanda ke aiki azaman bawul ɗin hanya ɗaya don haka jini yana gudana ta hanya ɗaya kawai. Ana kiyaye jinin a koyaushe a wurare dabam dabam yayin aikin famfo ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin tashin hankali na tsoka da motsin bawul.
Ƙarƙashin iskar oxygen, yana gudana zuwa cikin sashin jiki ta hanyar cava na baya. Yana shiga ventricle na dama daga atrium na dama ta hanyar abin da ake kira tricuspid valve. Daga nan ta hanyar jijiya na huhu zuwa cikin tsarin jijiyoyin huhu na huhu, inda jajayen kwayoyin halitta ke cika da iskar oxygen. Jijiya na huhu yana jagorantar jini zuwa cikin atrium na hagu, ta hanyar abin da ake kira bicuspid bawul zuwa cikin ventricle na hagu, kuma ana fitar da shi daga can ta hanyar aorta zuwa cikin tsarin wurare dabam dabam, mai wadata da oxygen.

Layin Ƙarfafawa

Domin kwararar jini ya yi aiki daidai irin wannan, dole ne a sarrafa ƙanƙarar tsokar zuciya daidai. Abin da ake kira kumburin sinus yana saita taki don wannan - yana aika motsin lantarki wanda ya kai ga ƙwayoyin tsokar zuciya a daidai tsari don su yi kwangila daidai daidai da aikin famfo. Ana iya nuna wannan ƙaddamarwar lantarki ta amfani da electrocardiogram (ECG) kuma yana nuna motsin motsa jiki a cikin tsokar zuciya. Ana amfani da shi don gano yiwuwar arrhythmias (misali lokacin da ba daidai ba ko tafiyar da ba daidai ba) wanda, wanda ba a gano ba, zai iya haifar da rashin isasshen jini. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa lura da zuciya a lokacin maganin sa barci yana da mahimmanci.

Alamomin Ciwon Zuciya a Karnuka da Cats

Duk alamun gazawar zuciya za a iya bayyana su ta hanyar rashin aikin zuciya. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilai na alƙawari a lokacin shawarwari shine raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin aiki - wannan yawanci yakan fara bayyana lokacin da yanayin zafi na waje ya fi girma a farkon lokacin rani. Tun da zuciyar da ke da lahani na bawul ɗin zuciya na iya sau da yawa kawai kawai rufe buƙatun iskar oxygen don kwayoyin halitta, mai haƙuri yakan motsa ƙasa da kuzari ko a hankali fiye da yadda aka saba. Tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki na waje, tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini ya fi damuwa, tun da babban ɓangaren makamashi na jiki yana gudana cikin tsarin zafin jiki kuma mafi ƙarancin isar da iskar oxygen a cikin dukkan gabobin (musamman mahimmanci a cikin kwakwalwa) ba a tabbatar da shi ba a kowane lokaci. Wannan yanayin yana haifar da rugujewar yanayin majinyacin zuciyar da ba a gane shi ba ko kuma ba a yi masa magani ba a ranakun zafi mai zafi.

Wata alama kuma na iya zama bluish (cyanotic) masu launin mucosa (misali conjunctiva a cikin ido ko gumi mara launi), waɗanda ke haifar da rashin iskar oxygen a cikin jini.
A cikin matakan ci gaba, abin da ake kira 'tarin zuciya' yakan faru - wannan shine edema na huhu, wanda mai haƙuri yayi ƙoƙari a banza don tari ko shaƙewa. Yana faruwa a lokacin da jini daga atrium na hagu ya koma cikin huhu kuma an matse ruwan da ke cikin jini daga tsarin jijiyoyin jini zuwa cikin sarari tsakanin bronchi - idan ba a kula da su ba, dabbobi na iya zahiri 'nutse' ko 'shakewa'.

ganewar asali

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don bincika zuciya. Mafi sauƙi shine saurare tare da stethoscope - abin da ake kira auscultation. A cikin tsari, ana iya ƙaddara ƙarar zuciya ta biyu (sauyi, rattling, da dai sauransu) ta hanyar ɓarna na zuciya. A lokaci guda, mutum zai iya ƙidaya bugun zuciya kuma yana yiwuwa ya ji arrhythmia.

A cikin yanayin X-ray na zuciya (yawanci yana yiwuwa ba tare da kwantar da hankali ba), ana saita ma'auni a kwance da a tsaye na gabobin dangane da girman kashin thoracic don ganin ko ya girma. Idan ya auna fiye da jimlar 10.5 na kashin baya a cikin kare, ana kiran wannan a matsayin girman zuciya wanda ke buƙatar magani - wannan hanyar lissafin ana kiranta VHS X-rays (Vertebral Heart Score).

Don samun damar tantance ayyukan bawuloli ba tare da wata shakka ba, duban dan tayi na Doppler ya tabbatar da kansa. Baya ga ma'auni na bawul ɗin zuciya, duk wani koma bayan jini saboda lahani ana iya nunawa a launi.

DCM vs HCM

Lokacin da raunin zuciya ya faru a cikin tsufa, kwayoyin karnuka da kuliyoyi yawanci suna amsawa daban. Tun da yake kwararar jini yana damuwa da raunin zuciya kuma ana iya rage shi a wasu wurare, zuciya kamar yadda tashar tashoshi ta tsakiya dole ne a sake ginawa kuma a daidaita su daidai.

Karnuka yawanci suna haɓaka abin da aka sani da dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Wannan haɓakar sashin jiki ne wanda za'a iya gani cikin sauƙi akan hasken X-ray. Ƙarar ɗakuna biyu yana bayyana ya ƙaru sosai domin a iya motsa adadin jini mai girma a kowace bugun zuciya. Matsalar wannan karbuwa ita ce tsokar zuciya ta zama kunkuntar sosai a cikin yanki na ɗakunan - ba ta da ƙarfin yin hidima ga gabobin da ya fi dacewa.

Cats, a gefe guda, suna haɓaka hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) kusan a cikin tsufa na musamman idan akwai lahani na bawul. Tare da wannan nau'i na ramuwa, ƙwayar zuciya tana da kauri sosai tare da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin girman ɗakunan zuciya. Don haka, jini kaɗan ne kawai za a iya fitar da shi a kowane bugun zuciya kuma dole ne zuciya ta ƙara bugawa akai-akai don ɗaukar mafi ƙarancin adadin jini.

far

A ƙarshe lokacin da alamun cututtukan zuciya da aka kwatanta a sama suka bayyana a cikin karnuka da kuliyoyi, ya kamata a tuntubi likitan dabbobi da wuri-wuri don bincikar zuciya.

Tun da ƙwanƙolin zuciya a hankali yana raguwa tare da shekaru, yawancin karnuka da kuliyoyi za su sami alamun bayyanar cututtuka nan da nan kuma suna buƙatar magani. Domin rama sakamakon gazawar zuciya, likitan dabbobi na zamani yana amfani da ginshiƙai huɗu na zuciya (maganin zuciya):

1. Ragewa bayan kaya tare da masu hana ACE (ta hanyar faɗaɗa tasoshin jini, yana zama da sauƙi ga zuciya don yin jujjuyawar hawan jini)
2. Ragewa ko juyawa tsarin gyare-gyaren da ke faruwa a cikin dilated ko hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
3. Ƙarfafa ƙarfin zuciya na tsoka ta hanyar sinadari mai aiki 'pimobendan' a cikin karnuka.
4. Zubar da huhu ta hanyar kunna aikin koda tare da sinadaran aiki 'Furosemide' ko 'Torasemide' a gaban edema na huhu.

Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da ma'aikata masu haɓaka jini kamar su propentofylline a cikin yanki na hanyoyi masu gudana.

Wanne abu mai aiki da ake amfani da shi wanda dole ne a yanke shawarar mai haƙuri bisa ga abubuwan da aka samo da alamun bayyanar. Gabaɗaya ba zai yiwu ba.

Kammalawa

Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, cututtukan zuciya a cikin karnuka da kuliyoyi, musamman lokuta masu alaka da shekaru, an dauke su da wahala sosai. A gefe guda, saboda zaɓuɓɓukan magani suna da iyaka sosai kuma, a gefe guda, ana samun maganin da ke da wuyar yin amfani da shi (misali guba na ja foxglove).

Musamman ma, tasirin ƙarfafawa na pimobendan ya kawo babban ci gaba a cikin maganin karnuka da cututtukan zuciya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
A yau, tsawon rayuwar majinyacin zuciya mai daidaitawa da kulawa da kyau zai iya zama kamar na mai lafiya mai lafiya - idan an dauki matakin farko.