Mary Allen
Tare da al'adar zawarcinsu mai ɗaukar ido da ƙanƙara mai launin kore-shuɗi, ƙoƙon itacen yana ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan tsuntsaye a Turai. Abin takaici, sun zama da wuya a tare da mu.
halaye
Yaya grouse yayi kama?
Capercaillies suna girma kamar girman turkey, suna auna har zuwa santimita 120 daga baki zuwa wutsiya. Wannan ya sa su zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsuntsaye na asali. Suna kuma nauyin kilogiram hudu zuwa biyar, wasu ma har shida. Wani memba na dangin grouse, tsuntsayen suna da duhu, launin shuɗi-kore a wuyansu, ƙirji, da bayansu.
Fuka-fukan suna launin ruwan kasa. Suna da ɗan ƙaramin farin tabo a gefensu, ciki da ƙasan wutsiya kuma fari ne. Mafi sananne shine alamar ja mai haske a sama da ido: abin da ake kira fure. Yana kumbura sosai yayin zawarcinsa. Bugu da ƙari, a wannan lokacin capercaillie yana da wasu fuka-fukan fuka-fuki a kan haƙarsa masu kama da gemu.
Matan sun kai kusan kashi na uku ƙanana da launin ruwan kasa-fari mara ganuwa. Garkuwar nono mai launin ruwan ja-launin ruwan kasa da tsatsa-ja da wutsiya mai baƙar fata sun fice daga cikin sauƙi. Wasu halaye na musamman sun nuna cewa capercaillie suna gida a cikin yankuna masu sanyi: Ana kare hancinsu da gashin fuka-fuki da kuma a cikin kaka da ƙafafu na hunturu, ƙafafu kuma musamman ma yatsu suna da gashin fuka-fukan.
Ina grouse ke zaune?
A da, gunkin itace ya zama ruwan dare a tsaunukan tsakiyar Turai da arewacin Turai da kuma tsakiyar Asiya.
Domin ana farautar su da yawa kuma da wuya a sami wasu wuraren da suka dace da su, waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsaye suna rayuwa ne kawai a wasu yankuna a Turai, kamar Scandinavia da Scotland. A Jamus, akwai yiwuwar dabbobi 1200 ne kawai suka rage. An fi samun su a cikin Bavarian Alps, a cikin Black Forest da kuma a cikin dajin Bavarian.
Capercaillie yana buƙatar shuru, dazuzzukan coniferous masu haske da gauraye dazuzzuka tare da fadama da moors. Yawancin ganye da berries, alal misali, blueberries, dole ne su girma a ƙasa. Kuma suna buƙatar bishiyoyi su ja da baya su yi barci.
Akwai wasu nau'ikan grouse masu alaƙa: waɗannan sun haɗa da baƙar fata grouse, ptarmigan da hazel grouse. Ana samun kaji da kaji a Arewacin Amurka kawai.
Shekara nawa grouse ke samun?
Capercaillie grouse na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma sha biyu, wani lokacin har zuwa shekaru 18.
Kasancewa
Yaya grouse ke rayuwa?
Capercaillie sun kasance masu gaskiya ga ƙasarsu. Da zarar sun zaɓi yanki, ana iya lura da su akai-akai. Suna tashi daga nesa kuma galibi suna zama a ƙasa inda suke neman abinci. Da yamma, sukan yi tsallen bishiya su yi barci domin ana kiyaye su daga maharbi a can.
An san Capercaillie saboda al'adar zawarcin da ba a saba gani ba a watan Maris da Afrilu: Da gari ya waye, zakara ya fara waƙar zawarcinsa. Ya ƙunshi dannawa, huɗa da sauti. Tsuntsun yana ɗaukar yanayin zawarcin da aka saba ta hanyar shimfida wutsiyarsa a cikin da'ira, yana shimfida fikafikansa kuma yana miƙar da kansa sama. Waƙar zawarcin ta ƙare da ɗan ƙaramin abu mai kama da “kalöpkalöpp-kalöppöppöpp”.
Capercaillie mawaƙa ne masu juriya: suna maimaita waƙar zawarcinsu sau biyu zuwa ɗari uku kowace safiya; a lokacin babban lokacin zawarcinsa har sau dari shida. Capercaillie grouse suna da takamaiman wuraren zawarcin da suke sake zuwa kowace safiya. A can suka yi tsalle cikin iska suna kada fikafikansu kafin su fara waka - yawanci suna zaune a kan tudu ko kututturen bishiya. Ko a tsakanin waƙoƙin, suna ta shawagi, suna shawagi, cikin iska.
Da zakara ya burge kaza da basirar sa, sai ya hadu da ita. Duk da haka, grouse ba sa yin aure monogamously: zakara suna saduwa da kaza da yawa da suka zo yankin su. Duk da haka, ba su damu da renon matasa ba.
Af: capercaillie grouse na iya samun kyawawan ban mamaki har ma da m a lokacin lokacin jima'i. A baya an sha samun rahotannin cewa grouse a lokacin ma yana daukar masu yawo a cikin dajin a matsayin kishiyoyinsu kuma ya tare hanya.
Abokai da abokan gaba na capercaillie
Capercaillie a da mutane suna farauta da yawa. Maƙiyan halitta maƙiya iri-iri ne irin su fox. Matashi na musamman na iya fadawa cikin ta.
Ta yaya capercaillie ke haifuwa?
Zuriyar capercaillie shine aikin mace: kawai mata ne ke kula da brood. Wata ƙwaya takan kwanta kusan ƙwai shida zuwa goma a cikin wata huɗar gida tsakanin saiwoyin ko kututturen bishiya a ƙasa, wanda takan yi kwanaki 26 zuwa 28. Kwai sun kai girman kwai kaza.
Matasan capercaillie sun kasance precocial: kwana ɗaya bayan ƙyanƙyashe, suna motsawa ta cikin ƙasa mai zurfi a cikin gandun daji, mahaifiyarsu ta kare su. Sun kasance a cikin kulawar mahaifiyar kusan makonni uku amma har yanzu suna rayuwa tare a matsayin iyali a cikin hunturu. Kaji na Capercaillie da kajin nasu suna da wahala a hange su saboda an yi kama da launin ruwan kasa da launin ruwan hoda. Sa’ad da maharbi suka yi wa matasa barazana, uwar takan janye hankalinsu ta wajen yin kamar an ji musu rauni: ta yi ta yawo a ƙasa da gurguwar fukafukai, tana jan hankalin maharbi.
Ta yaya grouse ke sadarwa?
Waƙar zawarcin capercaillie tana da shuru sosai da farko amma sai ta zama mai ƙarfi har ana iya jin ta a nisan mita 400.
care
Menene grouse ke ci?
Capercaillie da farko yana ciyar da ganye, rassan, allura, buds, kuma, a cikin fall, akan berries. An tsara ciki da hanjin ku don narkar da abincin shuka. Har ila yau, suna hadiye tsakuwa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen karya abinci a cikin ciki.
Suna kuma son tururuwa da sauran kwari har ma da farautar kadangaru ko kananan macizai. Kajin da kuma samarin capercaillie, musamman, suna buƙatar furotin mai yawa: Don haka galibi suna ciyar da beetles, caterpillars, ƙuda, tsutsotsi, katantanwa, da tururuwa.
Capercaillie aikin gona
Saboda suna jin kunya sosai kuma an janye su, ba kasafai ake ajiye gunkin itace a gidajen namun daji ba. Bugu da ƙari, ko da a cikin zaman talala, suna buƙatar nau'in abinci na musamman wanda ke da wuya a samu, wato buds da ƙananan harbe. Duk da haka, idan mutane sun rene su, za su iya zama masu girma sosai: to zakara sun fi kama mutane fiye da ƙwanƙwasa.