Beaver

Beavers su ne ainihin gine-ginen gine-gine: suna gina gine-gine da madatsun ruwa, rafukan dam, da sare bishiyoyi. Wannan yana haifar da sabon wurin zama ga tsirrai da dabbobi.

halaye

Menene kamannin beavers?

Beavers sune na biyu mafi girma a cikin rodents a duniya. Kawai Kudancin Amurka capybaras suna girma. Jikinsu ya daure sosai ya tsugunna ya kai tsayin santimita 100. Siffar al'ada ta beaver ita ce lallausan ta, har zuwa faɗin santimita 16, wutsiya mara gashi, tsayinsa ya kai santimita 28 zuwa 38. Babban beaver yana da nauyin kilo 35. Yawanci matan sun fi maza girma.

Kaurin gashin beaver yana da ban mamaki musamman: a gefen ciki, akwai gashi 23,000 a kowace centimita murabba'in na fata, a bayansa, akwai gashi kusan 12,000 a kowane santimita murabba'in. Akasin haka, gashi 300 ne kawai a kowane santimita murabba'in girma a kan ɗan adam. Wannan fur mai launin ruwan kasa mai tsananin yawa yana sanya beavers dumi da bushewa na sa'o'i, har ma a cikin ruwa. Saboda gashin gashinsu mai kima, beavers a da ana farautar su ba tare da jin ƙai ba har su mutu.

Beavers sun dace sosai da rayuwa a cikin ruwa: yayin da ƙafafu na gaba za su iya kamawa kamar hannaye, yatsan ƙafar ƙafar baya suna kan layi. Yatsan ƙafa na biyu na ƙafar baya yana da kambori biyu, abin da ake kira kambun tsaftacewa, wanda ake amfani da shi azaman tsefe don kula da gashi. Ana iya rufe hanci da kunnuwa lokacin tuƙi, kuma idanu suna kiyaye su a ƙarƙashin ruwa ta fatar ido mai haske da ake kira membrane nictitating.

Incisors na beaver suma suna da ban mamaki: Suna da nau'in enamel mai launin orange (wannan wani abu ne da ke sa haƙora tauri), tsayinsa ya kai santimita 3.5, kuma suna ci gaba da girma a tsawon rayuwarsu.

A ina suke zama beavers?

Beaver na Turai ya fito ne daga Faransa, Ingila, Jamus, Scandinavia, Gabashin Turai, da Rasha zuwa arewacin Mongoliya. A wasu yankunan da aka kawar da beavers, yanzu an yi nasarar dawo da su, misali a wasu yankuna a Bavaria da kuma kan Elbe.

Beavers suna buƙatar ruwa: Suna rayuwa kuma a cikin ruwa mai gudana a hankali da kuma tsaye wanda ya kai zurfin mita 1.5. Suna son koguna da tafkuna da ke kewaye da dazuzzukan dazuzzukan inda ake tsirowar willow, poplar, aspen, Birch, da alder. Yana da mahimmanci cewa ruwan bai bushe ba kuma kada ya daskare a ƙasa a cikin hunturu.

Wadanne nau'ikan beavers ne akwai?

Baya ga beaver ɗinmu na Turai (Castor fiber), akwai kuma beaver na Kanada (Castor canadensis) a Arewacin Amurka. A yau mun sani, duk da haka, cewa duka nau'ikan iri ɗaya ne kuma da wuya sun bambanta da juna. Duk da haka, beaver na Kanada ya ɗan fi na Turai girma, kuma gashinsa ya fi launin ja-launin ruwan kasa.

Shekara nawa ke samun beavers?

A cikin daji, beavers suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20, a cikin bauta, suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 35.

Kasancewa

Ta yaya beavers ke rayuwa?

Beavers kullum suna rayuwa a ciki da kusa da ruwa. Suna yin yawo a cikin ƙasa a hankali, amma a cikin ruwa, ƴan ninkaya ne da masu nutsowa. Za su iya zama ƙarƙashin ruwa har zuwa minti 15. Beavers suna rayuwa a yanki ɗaya tsawon shekaru. Suna alamar iyakokin ƙasa tare da wani ɓoye mai mai, castoreum. Beavers dabbobi ne na iyali: suna zaune tare da abokin aurensu da yaran shekarar da ta gabata da kuma matasa na wannan shekara. Babban wurin zama na dangin beaver shine ginin:

Ya ƙunshi kogon zama kusa da ruwa, ƙofar da yake ƙarƙashin ruwan. A ciki an lullube shi da kayan shuka mai laushi. Idan bakin kogin bai yi tsayi ba, kuma kasa da ke sama da kogon zama ya yi kasala sosai, sai su tara rassa da rassa, suna samar da tudu, wurin da ake kira beaver Lodge.

Gidan beaver zai iya kai tsayin mita goma kuma tsayinsa mita biyu. Wannan ginin yana da rufin asiri sosai ta yadda ko a cikin zurfin hunturu baya daskarewa a ciki. Duk da haka, dangin beaver yawanci suna da ƙananan burrows da yawa kusa da babban rami, wanda, alal misali, maza da matasa na bara suna janyewa da zarar an haifi sababbin jariran beaver.

Masu yin biki na dare sun kasance ƙwararrun magini: idan zurfin ruwan tafkinsu ko koginsu ya faɗi ƙasa da santimita 50, sai su fara gina madatsun ruwa da za su sake datse ruwan ta yadda ƙofar fadarsu ta sake nutsewa kuma a sami kariya daga abokan gaba. A kan bangon ƙasa da duwatsu, suna gina ƙaƙƙarfan madatsun ruwa masu tsayi da rassa da kututturen bishiya.

Suna iya faɗuwar kututturen bishiya tare da diamita har zuwa mita ɗaya. A cikin dare ɗaya suna ƙirƙirar akwati tare da diamita na santimita 40. Yawancin madatsun ruwa na da tsayi tsakanin mita biyar zuwa 30 kuma tsayinsa ya kai mita 1.5. Amma an ce an yi madatsun ruwan beaver da tsawon mita 200.

Wani lokaci yawancin tsararraki na dangin beaver suna gina madatsun ruwa a cikin yankinsu na tsawon shekaru; suna kula da kuma fadada su. A lokacin sanyi, beavers sukan tono rami a cikin dam. Wannan yana fitar da wasu ruwa kuma yana haifar da iska a ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara. Wannan yana bawa beavers damar yin iyo a cikin ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara.

Tare da ayyukan gine-ginen su, beavers suna tabbatar da cewa matakin ruwa a cikin yankin su ya kasance mai tsayi kamar yadda zai yiwu. Bugu da kari, an haifar da ambaliya da dausayi, inda yawancin tsiro da dabbobi da ba kasafai suke samun wurin zama ba. Lokacin da beavers suka bar yankinsu, matakin ruwa yana nutsewa, ƙasar ta zama bushewa kuma tsire-tsire da dabbobi da yawa sun sake ɓacewa.