UMary Allen
Zombili izintuthwane ezivamile ezibomvu nezimnyama ziyaluma. Kodwa inani le-formic acid elikhishwe izintuthwane ezimnyama alinakwa futhi ngenxa yalokho alibonakali. Kodwa izintuthwane ezibomvu ziletha inani eliphezulu le-formic acid ekulumeni kwazo futhi ngenxa yalokho zinikeza ubuhlungu obuningi, ukuvuvukala, nokuba bomvu.
Kungani izintuthwane ezibomvu ziluma?
Laba bahlaziyi bafafaza i-formic acid esikhundleni salokho. Lokhu kunenzuzo yokuthi bangakwazi ukuzivikela endaweni ethile. Lapho i-asidi ingena emanxebeni, ayikhululekile ikakhulukazi.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezintuthwane ezibomvu nezimnyama?
Izintuthwane ezibomvu ziyabagwema abantu. Ngokuphambene, intuthwane emnyama yasengadini (i-Lasius niger) inezingqinamba ezimbalwa mayelana nokwakha izidleke zayo ngaphansi kwendawo egandayiwe yamasimu noma izindlela zasengadini futhi izenze zibe izingozi eziyingozi zokukhubeka.
Ingabe izintuthwane ezibomvu zingaluma?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intuthwane ebomvu eyaziwa kangcono kakhulu, iyaluma. Izintuthwane ze-leafcutter nazo zinezingxenye zomlomo ezinamandla ezikwazi ukuluma ngazo kanzima. Kokubili - kokubili ukuluma nokuluma - akujabulisi kakhulu.
Ingabe izintuthwane ezimnyama zingaluma?
Izintuthwane ezivamile ezimnyama ongazithola yonke indawo ziyaluma nje. Ukuluma kungase kubomvu futhi kulume kancane, kodwa kuzophola ngokushesha. Uma uhlangabezana nezintuthwane zokhuni ezibomvu, ukulunywa kuba buhlungu kakhulu. Lezi zinambuzane zijova ushevu okuthiwa yi-ant venom endaweni ezilunywe kuyo.
Yiziphi izintuthwane ezingaluma?
Izintuthwane ngokuvamile zingaluma ngemihlathi yazo (ama-mandibles). Amalungu kuphela ezintuthwane zezikali zomndeni ongaphansi - okuhlanganisa izintuthwane zokhuni, izintuthwane zasemgwaqweni, izintuthwane ezibaziyo - zijova uketshezi olunobuthi kumhlaseli, kungaba kude noma ngqo endaweni yokulunywa.
Ziyingozi kangakanani izintuthwane ezibomvu?
Izintuthwane zokhuni ezibomvu ziyaluma. Izintuthwane ezincane zasengadini ezibomvu ziyahlaba. Ukulunywa nokuluma kubuhlungu kodwa akunabungozi.
Ingabe Izintuthwane Ezibomvu Zingababulala Abantu?
Lapho ihlasela, intuthwane encane ihlasela ngenhlanganisela yemihlathi yayo kanye nokuhlaba okunobuthi esiswini sayo. Uqala ngokuluma isikhumba bese ejova ushevu enxebeni elivelayo. Okuningana kwalokhu kuhlasela kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezimfushane komunye nomunye.
Kungani ukulunywa yintuthwane kubuhlungu?
Kodwa akugcini lapho, ngoba intuthwane ebomvu yokhuni iqala ngokuluma bese ijova i-formic acid esilondeni ngesisu sayo. Futhi lokho kuyashisa isilonda. Ungakwazi ukugeza i-formic acid ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Kwenzekani uma ulunywe intuthwane ebomvu?
Ukulunywa yintuthwane yomlilo ngokuvamile kubangela ubuhlungu obuseduze kanye nokuvuvukala okubomvu okunyamalala phakathi nemizuzu engu-45. Ibhamuza libe seliqhuma, eligqabuka phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-2, ngokuvamile okuholela ekuthelelekeni.
Ingabe izintuthwane ezibomvu ziwusizo?
Intuthwane ebomvu yokhuni, evela kuphela ezingadini ezinomugqa wesihlahla, iyasiza. Idla izibungu zezinambuzane. Njengoba iqinisekisa ibhalansi yezinto eziphilayo, ingaphansi kokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Intuthwane yasengadini emnyama-mpunga noma ephuzi (Lasius) ngokuvamile ihlala endaweni yemifino.
Kwenzekani uma intuthwane eyindlovukazi ikuluma?
Ekuqaleni, ubuthi bubangela ukuzwa okuvuthayo, ukuvuvukala, nobuhlungu endaweni yokuluma. Kodwa-ke, izindawo ezihlabayo zingakhula zibe ama-pustules (amabhamuza agcwele ubomvu) angahlala amasonto ambalwa. Ubuthi bentuthwane bubangela ukufa kwamangqamuzana endaweni, futhi ama-pustules awumphumela wamasosha ethu omzimba okuhlanza imfucumfucu yamangqamuzana.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezintuthwane ezibomvu nezintuthwane ezimnyama?
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezintuthwane ezimnyama nezibomvu? Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezintuthwane ezibomvu nezintuthwane ezimnyama umbala wazo. Intuthwane ebomvu ingenye nje yohlobo olukhulu, kuyilapho kunezinhlobo zezintuthwane ezimnyama ezingama-24. Intuthwane ebomvu inolaka uma idla inyamazane, ikhipha ubuthi obubuhlungu kakhulu lapho iluma.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezintuthwane zomlilo nezintuthwane ezibomvu?
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezintuthwane ezibomvu nezintuthwane zomlilo ukuthi izintuthwane ezibomvu ziyizintuthwane ezinombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo kuyilapho izintuthwane ziyizintuthwane ezintinyelayo eziyingxenye yohlobo lwe-Solenopsis. Izintuthwane zomlilo zihlanganisa izintuthwane ezibomvu futhi. Izintuthwane ezibomvu nezintuthwane zomlilo ziyiqembu lezintuthwane ezinolaka.
Kungani izintuthwane ezimnyama zingalumi?
Lapho izintuthwane ezimnyama ziluma, zikwenzela ukuvikela izidleke zazo ezinsongweni futhi zigweme abahlaseli. Azinalaka futhi ngeke zilume abantu ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ukulunywa kwezintuthwane zombazi akubuhlungu futhi kuyingozi njengoba azikhiphi isihlungu esinobuthi.
Kungani izintuthwane ezibomvu zinolaka?
Izintuthwane zomlilo zinolaka kakhulu lapho isidleke sazo siphazamiseka. Uma zicasukile, zibhuquza kulowo okucatshangelwayo, zizibambele mathupha ngokuziluma ukuze zibambe isikhumba sizinze, bese ziluma ngokuphindaphindiwe, zijova ubuthi obuyi-alkaloid obubizwa ngokuthi i-solenopsin. Lesi senzo sibhekisela kuso ngokuthi “ukuhlaba.”