Iyiphi inhlanzi engaphefumula emanzini?

Isingeniso: Umhlaba Othakazelisayo Wezinhlanzi

Izinhlanzi zingelinye lamaqembu ezilwane ahluke kakhulu emhlabeni, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-34,000 ezihlonziwe kuze kube manje. Angatholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo yasemanzini, kusukela emiseleni yolwandle ejulile kuya emifudlaneni engashoni kakhulu. Afika ngazo zonke izinhlobo nobukhulu, kusukela kumapulangwe amancane acwebezelayo kuya ezilwaneni ezinkulu ezinjengoshaka womkhomo. Izinhlanzi eziningi ziye zashintsha ukujwayela okuyingqayizivele ukuze ziphile futhi zichume endaweni yazo, kuhlanganise nekhono lokuphefumula ngaphandle kwamanzi.

Inhlanzi Engasinda Emanzini: Uhlolojikelele

Nakuba izinhlanzi eziningi zidinga ukuhlala emanzini ukuze ziphile, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezithole izindlela zokuphefumula umoya ngisho nokuzulazula emhlabathini. Lezi zinhlanzi ziye zashintsha izitho ezikhethekile kanye nokuziphatha okuzivumela ukuba ziphile endaweni engenawo umoya-mpilo noma endaweni engajulile yamanzi, noma ukubaleka ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Kulesi sihloko, sizobhekisisa ezinye zezinhlanzi eziheha kakhulu ezikwazi ukuphefumula emanzini.

I-Lungfish: I-Amphibian Yangempela

I-lungfish inhlanzi yakudala osekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-380 ikhona, futhi ngokuvamile ibhekwa "njengesixhumanisi esingekho" phakathi kwezinhlanzi nezilwane ezihlala emanzini. Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha ze-lungfish ezitholakala eNingizimu Melika, e-Afrika, nase-Australia, futhi zonke zinamaphaphu ngaphezu kwamagill. Lokhu kuzivumela ukuba ziphefumule umoya lapho amazinga komoyampilo ephansi emanzini, noma lapho zidinga ukuphila emachibini amile phakathi nesomiso. I-Lungfish ingasebenzisa amaphiko ayo "ukuhamba" phansi kwamanzi, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zingaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi iminyaka eminingana ngokumba odakeni.

I-Mudskipper: Inhlanzi Ekwazi Ukukhwela Izihlahla

I-mudskipper iyinhlanzi encane, ehlala emanzini etholakala emaxhaphozini omhlume nasezindaweni zodaka eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika nase-Australia. Ishintshe isethi eyingqayizivele yokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezivumela ukuthi iphile emanzini nasemhlabeni. Ama-mudskippers anesimiso sokuphefumula esikhethekile esiwavumela ukuba akhiphe umoya-mpilo emoyeni, futhi angakwazi ngisho nokuqwala ezihlahleni nezinye izithiyo esebenzisa amaphiko awo anamandla. Futhi banendlela ehlukile yokuhamba emhlabeni, basebenzisa inhlanganisela yokukhasa nokugxuma.

I-Walking Catfish: Inhlanzi Ekwazi Ukuhamba Ezweni

I-catfish ehambayo iyinhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile etholakala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, futhi yaziwa ngekhono layo "lokuhamba" emhlabathini isebenzisa amaphiko ayo e-pectoral. Ingakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi amahora ambalwa inqobo nje uma isikhumba sayo sihlala simanzi, futhi ikwazi ukuphefumula umoya ngesinye esilungisiwe sokubhukuda. I-catfish ehambayo ibhekwa njengohlobo oluhlaselayo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, njengoba ingathatha ngokushesha izindawo zokuhlala futhi iqhudelane nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi zomdabu.

I-Climbing Perch: Inhlanzi Ekwazi Ukukhwela Izihlahla

I-perch ekhuphukayo iyinhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile etholakala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eNdiya nasePapua New Guinea. Inekhono eliyingqayizivele lokukhuphuka ezihlahleni nezinye izindawo ezime mpo isebenzisa amaphiko ayo akhethekile e-pectoral, aguquke abe amahhuku. I-perch ekhuphukayo nayo ingaphefumula umoya, futhi ingaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi amahora ambalwa. Leli khono lokukhuphuka izihlahla livumela i-perch ekhuphukayo ukuba ibaleke ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye noma ithole imithombo emisha yokudla.

I-Eel: Inhlanzi Ekwazi Ukuphefumula Umoya

I-eel inhlanzi ende, ezacile etholakala emanzini ahlanzekile namanzi anosawoti emhlabeni jikelele. Inesimiso sokuphefumula esiyingqayizivele esivumela ukuthi iphefumule umoya ngesikhumba sayo, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izimbotshana zayo. Lokhu kuvumela ama-eels ukuthi aphile ezindaweni ezinomoya-mpilo omncane noma ahambe phezu komhlaba ukuze afinyelele ezindaweni ezintsha. Ama-eels ayaziwa nangokukwazi kwawo ukubhukuda amabanga amade, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zingafuduka izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ukusuka endaweni ezizalelwa kuyo ziye ezindaweni ezizalela kuzo.

I-Snakehead: Inhlanzi Engakwazi "Ukuhamba" Ezweni

I-snakehead iyinhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile etholakala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika naseNyakatho Melika. Inekhono eliyingqayizivele "lokuhamba" emhlabeni isebenzisa amaphiko e-pectoral, futhi ingaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi izinsuku ezimbalwa inqobo nje uma isikhumba sayo sihlala simanzi. Ama-Snakeheads athathwa njengezinhlobo ezihlaselayo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, njengoba ekwazi ukuzala ngokushesha futhi anqobe izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zomdabu.

I-Archerfish: Inhlanzi Ekwazi Ukudubula Amanzi Ukuze Ibambe Inyamazane

I-archerfish iyinhlanzi encane, emanzini ahlanzekile etholakala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nasenyakatho ye-Australia. Inekhono eliyingqayizivele lokudubula amajethi amanzi ezinambuzaneni nezinye izilwane ezizingelayo ezingaphezulu kwamanzi, liziphonsa emanzini lapho zingadliwa khona. I-Archerfish inenjongo enembe kakhulu, futhi ingashaya okuqondiwe okuqhele ngamamitha ambalwa.

I-Betta Fish: Inhlanzi Engasinda Ezimweni Ezimpofu Kamoya-mpilo

I-betta fish, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Siamese fight fish, iyinhlanzi yase-aquarium edumile engaphila ezindaweni ezinomoya-mpilo omncane. I-Betta fish inesitho esikhethekile se-labyrinth esizivumela ukuthi ziphefumule umoya ngokuqondile emanzini, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izimbotshana zazo. Lokhu kujwayela kuvumela izinhlanzi ze-betta ukuthi ziphile emanzini amile noma angenawo umoya-mpilo, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi zidinga ukufinyelela ebusweni bamanzi ukuze ziphefumule.

I-Gourami: Inhlanzi Ekwazi Ukuphefumula Umoya Namanzi

I-gourami iyinhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile etholakala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseNdiya, futhi yaziwa ngekhono layo lokuphefumula kokubili umoya namanzi. I-Gouramis inesitho se-labyrinth esivumela ukuthi ikhiphe umoya-mpilo emoyeni, futhi ingaphila ezindaweni ezinomoya-mpilo omncane noma iphume emanzini isikhathi esifushane. I-Gouramis yizinhlanzi ezidumile zase-aquarium, futhi ziza ngemibala ehlukahlukene namaphethini.

Isiphetho: The Wonders of Fish Adaptation

Izinhlanzi ezinye zezidalwa eziphawuleka kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi ikhono lazo lokuzivumelanisa nenhlobonhlobo yendawo liyamangalisa ngempela. Kusukela ku-lungfish ekwazi ukuphefumula umoya njengama-amphibians, ama-eels angakwazi ukuhamba phezu komhlaba, izinhlanzi ze-betta ezingaphila ezindaweni ezingenawo umoya-mpilo omncane, izinhlanzi ziye zashintshashintsha ngendlela emangalisayo ukuze zizisize ziphile futhi zichume. Ukufunda lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo kungasisiza siqonde kangcono umhlaba wemvelo nendawo yethu kuwo.