UMary Allen
Isingeniso: Ukuphefumula Kwesikhumba Embusweni Wezilwane
Nakuba izilwane eziningi ziphefumula ngamaphaphu noma ngamathumba, zikhona ezinye eziye zakwazi ukuphefumula ngesikhumba sazo. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuphefumula kwesikhumba noma ukuphefumula kwesikhumba, ivumela lezi zilwane ukuthi zithole umoya-mpilo endaweni yazo ngokuqondile ngesikhumba sazo. Ukuphefumula kwesikhumba kungatholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, kuhlanganise nezilwane ezihlala emanzini, ezihuquzelayo, izinhlanzi, kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla.
Ama-Amphibians: Izingcweti Zokuphefumula Kwesikhumba
Izilwane ezihlala emanzini mhlawumbe ziyiqembu elaziwa kakhulu lezilwane eziphefumula ngesikhumba sazo. Isikhumba sabo sincane, simanzi, futhi sine-vascularized kakhulu, okuvumela ukushintshaniswa kwegesi okuphumelelayo. Eqinisweni, ezinye izinhlobo zama-amphibians, njengama-salamanders nama-newts, zincike ngokuphelele ekuphefumuleni kwesikhumba ukuze ziphile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaphaphu abo mancane futhi awasebenzi kahle, futhi ngokuvamile ahlala ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphansi komoyampilo.
Izilwane Ezihuquzelayo: Ezinye Ziphefumula Ngesikhumba, Ezinye Aziphefumuli
Nakuba kungezona zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo eziphefumula ngesikhumba sazo, ezinye izinhlobo ziye zahlakulela leli khono. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka nezibankwa zingamunca umoya-mpilo esikhumbeni sazo, ikakhulukazi lapho zingaphansi kwamanzi. Nokho, izilwane ezihuquzelayo eziningi zithembele ngokuyinhloko emaphashini azo ukuze ziphefumule. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isikhumba sazo sikhulu kakhulu futhi asikwazi ukungena kalula kunezilwane ezihlala emanzini, okwenza ukuphefumula kwesikhumba kungasebenzi kahle.
Inhlanzi: Ukuphefumula Kwesikhumba Ezindaweni Zasemanzini
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi nazo zingaphefumula ngesikhumba sazo. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezihlala ezindaweni ezingenawo umoya-mpilo, njengamachibi amile noma amaxhaphozi. Isibonelo, i-African lungfish iyakwazi ukukhipha umoya-mpilo emoyeni isebenzisa iphaphu elikhethekile, kodwa futhi ikwazi ukuphefumula ngesikhumba sayo lapho icwiliswa emanzini. Ngokufanayo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-catfish ziye zashintsha isitho esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi i-labyrinth organ, esizivumela ukuba zikhiphe umoya-mpilo emoyeni.
Izilwane Ezingenamgogodla: Ukuphefumula Kwesikhumba Ngamafomu Ahlukahlukene
Ukuphefumula kwesikhumba nakho kungatholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezingenamgogodla, okuhlanganisa izinambuzane, ama-crustaceans, iminenke, nama-leeches. Kulezi zilwane, isikhumba sivame ukukhethekile kakhulu ekushintshisaneni ngegesi, esinolwelwesi oluncane, olukwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kanye noxhaxha lwemithambo yegazi eduze nangaphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane, njengezintethe namabhungane, zinezikhala ezincane emathanjeni azo okuthiwa ama-spiracle, avumela ukushintshaniswa kwegesi. Ngokufanayo, ezinye izinhlobo zama-crustaceans, njengezinkalankala nama-lobster, zingakhipha umoya-mpilo ngezimbotshana zazo nasesikhunjeni sazo.
Izilwane Ezincelisayo: Ukuphefumula Kwesikhumba Njengendlela Yesibili
Nakuba izilwane ezincelisayo ngokuvamile zingaziwa ngamakhono azo okuphefumula esikhumbeni, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ziye zasungula lokhu njengendlela yesibili. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zamalulwane, njengelulwane elivamile le-vampire, zingakhipha umoya-mpilo esikhumbeni sazo lapho amaphaphu awo eqoqwe amazinga aphezulu e-carbon dioxide akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuncelisa. Ngokufanayo, ezinye izinhlobo zemikhomo namahlengethwa zingamunca umoya-mpilo esikhumbeni sazo, ikakhulukazi lapho etshuza isikhathi eside.
Izinyoni: I-Oxygen Exchange Through Air Sacs
Izinyoni zinesimiso sokuphefumula esiyingqayizivele esisebenza kahle kakhulu, esinamasaka omoya avumela ukugeleza okuqhubekayo komoyampilo emaphashini azo. Nokho, ngokuvamile aziphefumuli ngesikhumba sazo. Kunalokho, bathembele ohlelweni lwabo lokuphefumula olukhethekile ukuze bakhiphe umoya-mpilo emoyeni.
Izilwane Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle: Ukuphefumula Kwesikhumba Emikhomo Namahlengethwa
Nakuba izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ngokuvamile zingaziwa ngamakhono azo okuphefumula esikhumbeni, ezinye izinhlobo zemikhomo namahlengethwa zingamunca umoya-mpilo esikhumbeni sazo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho betshuza isikhathi eside futhi bedinga ukonga umoya-mpilo. Isikhumba salezi zilwane sine-vascularized kakhulu, okuvumela ukushintshaniswa kwegesi okuphumelelayo.
Ama-Arthropods: Ukuphefumula Kwesikhumba Ezinambuzaneni Nakuma-Crustaceans
Ama-arthropods, njengezinambuzane nama-crustaceans, aziwa ngezinhlelo zawo zokuphefumula ezikhethekile, ezivame ukubandakanya ama-gill noma uqhoqhoqho. Nokho, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nazo zingaphefumula ngesikhumba sazo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane, njengezintethe namabhungane, zinezikhala ezincane emathanjeni azo okuthiwa ama-spiracle, avumela ukushintshaniswa kwegesi. Ngokufanayo, ezinye izinhlobo zama-crustaceans, njengezinkalankala nama-lobster, zingakhipha umoya-mpilo ngezimbotshana zazo nasesikhunjeni sazo.
I-Gastropods: Ukuphefumula Kwesikhumba Eminenke Nama-Slugs
Ama-gastropods, njengeminenke nama-slugs, ayaziwa futhi ngamakhono awo okuphefumula esikhumbeni. Isikhumba sabo sincane futhi sine-vascularized kakhulu, okuvumela ukushintshaniswa kwegesi okuphumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, banazo nezakhi zokuphefumula ezikhethekile, njengamaphaphu noma ama-gill, abangazisebenzisa lapho kudingeka.
Ama-Annelids: Ukuphefumula Kwesikhumba Ezimvini Zomhlaba kanye Nezimpethu
Okokugcina, ezinye izinhlobo zama-annelids, njengezibungu zomhlaba kanye nama-leeches, nazo ziyakwazi ukuphefumula kwesikhumba. Isikhumba sabo sincane futhi sine-vascularized kakhulu, okuvumela ukushintshaniswa kwegesi okuphumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, banazo nezakhi zokuphefumula ezikhethekile, njengama-gill noma amaphaphu, abangazisebenzisa lapho kudingeka.
Isiphetho: Umhlaba Othakazelisayo Wezilwane Eziphefumula Ngesikhumba
Sengiphetha, ukuphefumula kwesikhumba kuwukujwayela okuthakazelisayo okutholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, kusukela ezihlala emanzini nasezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo kuya ezinhlanzini, ezingenamgogodla, ngisho nezilwane ezincelisayo. Nakuba ezinye izilwane zithembele ngokuphelele ekuphefumuleni kwesikhumba ukuze ziphile, ezinye zikusebenzisa njengendlela yesibili lapho isimiso sazo sokuphefumula esiyinhloko sigcwele amandla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayisebenzisa kanjani, ukuphefumula kwesikhumba kuwukuzivumelanisa okubalulekile okuye kwavumela lezi zilwane ukuba ziphile futhi ziphumelele ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.