Isingeniso: Isiphi Isilwane Esobhukuda Esisheshayo?

Ukubhukuda kuyikhono elibalulekile ezilwaneni eziningi, kungaba ezokuzingela, ukufuduka noma ukuhambahamba nje. Nakuba ezinye izilwane zibhukuda kancane, ezinye zingafinyelela isivinini esimangalisayo. Kodwa yisiphi isilwane esibhukuda esisheshayo? Lo mbuzo uye wahlaba umxhwele ososayensi nabathandi bezilwane ngokufanayo, okuholela ezifundweni nasezingxoxweni eziningi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola indlela yokunquma umbhukudi oshesha kakhulu, kanye nabaqhudelanayo abaphezulu embusweni wezilwane.

Umbandela Wokunquma Umbhukudi Oshesha Kakhulu

Ngaphambi kokuba sinqume ukuthi yisiphi isilwane esibhukuda esisheshayo, sidinga ukuthola imibandela ethile. Okokuqala, sidinga ukuchaza ukuthi sisho ukuthini ngokuthi "ukushesha." Ingabe isivinini isilwane esingafinyelela kuso, noma isivinini esingasigcina isikhathi esithile? Okwesibili, kudingeka sicabangele indawo lapho isilwane sibhukuda khona, njengoba ukuminyana kwamanzi, izinga lokushisa nosawoti kungaphazamisa ukubhukuda. Okwesithathu, kudingeka sicabangele ubukhulu nokuma komzimba wesilwane, kanye nesitayela saso sokubhukuda nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ngokucabangela lezi zici, singaqhathanisa isivinini sokubhukuda sezilwane ezihlukahlukene ngokunembe kakhudlwana.

Ababhukudi Abahlanu Abashesha Kakhulu Embusweni Wezilwane

Ngokusekelwe ezifundweni ezihlukahlukene nokuqaphela, naba ababhukudi abahlanu abashesha kakhulu embusweni wezilwane:

I-Sailfish: Umbhukudi Oshesha Kakhulu Olwandle

I-sailfish iwuhlobo lwe-billfish etholakala olwandle olufudumele nolupholile emhlabeni wonke. Ingafinyelela isivinini esingafika kumamayela angu-68 ngehora (amakhilomitha angu-110 ngehora), okuyenza ibe umbhukudi oshesha kakhulu olwandle. Umzimba we-sailfish yakhelwe isivinini, unomumo omude futhi oqondile, i-dorsal fin enkulu (yingakho igama layo), kanye nomsila onamandla. Iphinde ibe nemisipha nezitho ezikhethekile eziyivumela ukuthi ibhukude ngesivinini esikhulu kuyilapho ilondoloza amandla.

Ihlengethwa Elivamile: Umbhukudi Oshesha Kakhulu Embusweni Wezilwane Ezincelisayo

Ihlengethwa elivamile uhlobo lwe-cetacean olutholakala olwandle nolwandle oluningi. Ingakwazi ukubhukuda ngesivinini esingafika kumamayela angu-37 ngehora (amakhilomitha angu-60 ngehora), okuyenza ibe intubi eshesha kakhulu phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Umzimba wehlengethwa nawo wakhelwe isivinini, unomumo we-fusiform, i-dorsal fin, nomsila ofana ne-fluke. Isebenzisa nesitayela sokubhukuda esiyingqayizivele esibizwa nge-"porpoising," lapho igxuma iphuma emanzini bese itshuza iye phambili ukuze inciphise ukudonsa.

I-Marlin: Umbhukudi Oshesha Kakhulu Embusweni Wezinhlanzi

I-marlin wuhlobo lwe-billfish etholakala emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasemanzini ashisayo. Ingakwazi ukubhukuda ngesivinini esingafika kumamayela angu-82 ngehora (amakhilomitha angu-132 ngehora), okuyenza ibe umbhukudi osheshayo phakathi kwezinhlanzi. Umzimba we-marlin ufana nowe- sailfish, enekhala ende nelicijile, iphiko elide lomhlana kanye nomsila omise okwenyanga. Iphinde ibe nesimiso esikhethekile sokujikeleza kwegazi esivumela ukuba ifudumale imisipha yayo futhi ibhukude ngokushesha emanzini abandayo.

Ingwenya: Umbhukudi Oshesha Kakhulu Embusweni Wezilwane Ezihuquzelayo

Ingwenya iyisilwane esihuquzelayo esikhulu nesinamandla esitholakala emanzini ahlanzekile namanzi anosawoti. Ingakwazi ukubhukuda ngesivinini esingafika kumamayela angu-20 ngehora (amakhilomitha angu-32 ngehora), okuyenza ibe inbhuku esheshayo phakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Umzimba wengwenya ujwayele kokubili umhlabathi kanye namanzi, unomsila omude nonemisipha, izinyawo ezinezintambo, kanye nekhala elilula. Iphinde ibe nendlela eyingqayizivele yokubhukuda ebizwa ngokuthi "i-crocodile gallop," lapho isebenzisa umsila wayo ukuze iziqhubekisele phambili ngephethini egobhozayo.

IPenguin: Umbhukudi Oshesha Kakhulu Embusweni Wezinyoni

Ipenguin iyinyoni engandizi etholakala eNingizimu Nenkabazwe, ikakhulukazi e-Antarctica. Ingakwazi ukubhukuda ngesivinini esingafika kumamayela angu-22 ngehora (amakhilomitha angu-35 ngehora), okuyenza ibe intubi eshesha kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoni. Umzimba wepenguin ujwayele ukubhukuda, unongqimba oluqinile lwezimpaphe ezivikelayo, umumo oqondile, namaphiko anjengamaphiko. Isebenzisa futhi amaphiko ayo ukuze "indize" ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi ibambe inyamazane.

I-Seahorse: Umbhukudi Onensa Kakhulu Embusweni Wezilwane

Nakuba ezinye izilwane zibhukuda ngokushesha ngendlela emangalisayo, ezinye zihamba kancane. I-seahorse, isibonelo, ibhukuda elihamba kancane kunazo zonke ezilwaneni, elinesivinini esingamamayela angu-0.01 kuphela ngehora (amakhilomitha angu-0.016 ngehora). Umzimba we-seahorse awakhelwanga isivinini, unomumo ogobile, i- dorsal fin encane, kanye namaphiko amancane abhakuzayo ngokushesha ukuze aye phambili. Nokho, isivinini sokubhukuda esinensayo se-seahorse sinxeshezelwa ukucasha kwalo okuhle kakhulu nokukwazi ukuhambahamba.

I-Physics Engemuva Kwesivinini Sokubhukuda Kwezilwane

Ijubane lokubhukuda lesilwane lincike ezicini eziningana ezingokomzimba, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu bomzimba waso nokuma, amandla emisipha yaso nokusebenzelana kwaso, kanye nokuguquguquka koketshezi lwamanzi. Ukuze sibhukude ngokushesha, isilwane sidinga ukunciphisa ukudonsa, ukwandisa ukugijima, nokonga amandla. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene, njengemizimba ehlelekile, imisipha enamandla, nezitayela zokubhukuda eziphumelelayo. Ukuqonda i-physics yokubhukuda kwezilwane kungasisiza ukuthi siklame izimoto ezingcono ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi sifunde i-ecology yezindawo zasemanzini.

Isiphetho: Isiphi Isilwane Esibhukuda Esishesha Kunabo Bonke?

Ngokusekelwe kumbandela esiwusungule ngaphambilini, kunzima ukunquma ukuthi yisiphi isilwane esingumbhukudi oshesha kunazo zonke. Ngamunye wabaqhudelanayo abaphezulu unokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukile kanye nezingqinamba ezithinta ukusebenza kwabo kokubhukuda. Nokho, singasho ukuthi i-sailfish ibhukuda elisheshayo ngokwejubane elikhulu, kanti ihlengethwa elivamile libhukuda elisheshayo phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. I-marlin ingumbhukudi oshesha kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinhlanzi, ingwenya ibhukuda elisheshayo phakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kanti ipenguin ibhukuda elisheshayo phakathi kwezinyoni. Ekugcineni, umbhukudi oshesha kakhulu embusweni wezilwane uncike kumongo kanye nombono.

Ukubaluleka Kokufunda Isivinini Sokubhukuda Kwezilwane

Ukufunda isivinini sokubhukuda kwezilwane kunemithelela esebenzayo nesayensi. Ingasisiza siqonde ukuziphatha kanye nemvelo yezilwane zasemanzini, kanye ne-physics ye-fluid dynamics. Ingase futhi ikhuthaze i-biomimicry, lapho onjiniyela nabaklami besebenzisa ukujwayela kwezilwane ukuze bakhe ubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle futhi obuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda ngesivinini sokubhukuda kwezilwane kungakhuphula ukuqwashisa mayelana nokwehlukahlukana nobuhle bemvelo, kanye nesidingo sokuyivikela emisebenzini yabantu.