UMary Allen
Njengoba amanzi anosawoti eqeda amanzi emzimbeni, izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti ziyaphuza. Emanzini ahlanzekile, umfutho okhulayo we-osmotic ungabangela ukuthi izinhlanzi ziminze, njengoba zingenayo indlela yokukhipha amanzi angaphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhlanzi yasemanzini anosawoti yayiyokoma emanzini anosawoti.
Kwenzekani lapho inhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti ingena emanzini anosawoti?
Izinhlanzi eziningi zasemanzini ahlanzekile azikwazi ukuphila emanzini olwandle, kodwa inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi zasolwandle livakashela amachweba noma izindawo eziphansi zemifula, okungenani isikhathi esifushane. Cishe kuphela izinhlobo ezingu-3,000 zezinhlanzi ezifana ne-salmon, ama-sturgeon, ama-eels noma ama-sticklebacks ezingaphila emanzini ahlanzekile nasolwandle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinhlanzi ziphila kanjani emanzini anosawoti?
Kubalulekile ezilwaneni zasolwandle ukuthi ingcindezi emangqamuzaneni azo - okuthiwa i-osmotic pressure - iphikisana nokucindezela kwamanzi angaphandle ukuze zikwazi ukuphila emanzini anosawoti. Uma kungenjalo, amaseli abo angaqhuma noma aqhume.
Kungani izinhlanzi zibekezelela amanzi anosawoti?
Ukuhlushwa kosawoti oncibilikisiwe emzimbeni wezinhlanzi kuphakeme kunasemanzini emifula noma amachibi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvumelana nesimiso se-osmosis, izinhlanzi ngokuzenzekelayo - futhi zingahlosiwe - zithatha amanzi amaningi kunalokho ezikudingayo. Basusa la manzi amaningi ngomchamo ohlanjululwe kakhulu - "bashiya amanzi".
Kwenzekani kumaseli ezilwane emanzini anosawoti namanzi ahlanzekile?
Izinhlanzi ezihlala emanzini anosawoti zinezinga eliphansi likasawoti kumaseli azo kunamanzi anosawoti azizungezile. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlanzi zibizwa nangokuthi i-hypoosmotic. Ngenxa ye-osmosis, amanzi aphuma emangqamuzaneni. Ukugeleza kwamanzi kwenzeka ngokumelene negradient yokugxilisa usawoti oncibilikile.
Kungani izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti zingabulawa ukoma?
Inhlanzi yasemanzini anosawoti inosawoti ngaphakathi, kodwa ngaphandle izungezwe uketshezi olunosawoti omningi nakakhulu, okuwulwandle olunamanzi anosawoti. Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi zihlala zilahlekelwa amanzi olwandle. Angabulawa ukoma uma engaphuzi njalo ukuze agcwalise amanzi alahlekile.
I-salmon ingahlala kanjani emanzini amasha nasawoti?
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini namanzi anosawoti zinezimo ezihlukene zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungashintsha kusuka ohlelweni olulodwa kuya kolunye ngezinhlobo ezithile. Izinhlanzi ezifudukayo ezihlala amabanga amade njenge-salmon ziyakwazi ukushintsha i-metabolism yazo, okungukuthi zisuke ekukhipheni usawoti ziye ekumunceni usawoti ngokudla.
Ingabe inhlanzi ingaqhuma?
Kodwa ngingaphendula kuphela umbuzo oyisisekelo esihlokweni ngo-YEBO ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami siqu. Izinhlanzi zingaqhuma.
Iyiphi inhlanzi echamayo?
Izingcweti kulo mkhakha ama-salmon, ashiya amanzi olwandle ukuba azale futhi abhukude emifuleni enamanzi ahlanzekile aye lapho azalelwe khona.
Ingabe inhlanzi ingalala?
Ama-Pisces, noma kunjalo, awapheli ngokuphelele ebuthongweni bawo. Nakuba benciphisa ngokucacile ukunaka kwabo, abalokothi bawele esigabeni sokulala okujulile. Ezinye izinhlanzi zize zilale ngohlangothi ukuze zilale, njengoba nje senza.
Izinhlanzi ziwaphuza kanjani amanzi?
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zihlale zimunca amanzi ngama-gill kanye nomzimba ngaphezulu bese ziwakhulula futhi ngomchamo. Ngakho-ke inhlanzi yasemanzini ahlanzekile akudingeki ukuthi iphuze, kodwa ithatha ukudla kanye namanzi ngomlomo wayo (phela, ibhukuda kuwo!).
Ingabe izinhlanzi zingakoma?
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti zidinga ukuphuza noma zizobulawa ukoma. Izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti zidinga ukuphuza noma zizobulawa ukoma. Abantu bahlanganisa cishe amaphesenti angama-70 amanzi, abawakhipha ngokujuluka noma ngokuchama futhi kufanele bawabuyisele futhi.
Izinhlanzi ziwukhipha kanjani umchamo?
Ukuze kugcinwe indawo yazo yangaphakathi, izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zimunca i-Na+ kanye ne-Cl- ngamaseli e-chloride asezindleleni zawo. Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zimunca amanzi amaningi nge-osmosis. Ngenxa yalokho, baphuza kancane futhi bachame cishe njalo.
Uyibiza ngani inhlanzi phakathi kolwandle namanzi ahlanzekile?
Izinhlobo ezihlala zifuduka phakathi kolwandle namanzi ahlanzekile zibizwa ngokuthi i-amphidromic uma lokhu kufuduka kungekona okokukhiqiza. Izizathu zalokhu kufuduka ukudla noma ubusika.
Iyiphi inhlanzi ehlala emanzini anosawoti kanye nosawoti futhi edume kakhulu ngokubhema?
Uzothola ama-sturgeon amaningi, ama-eels emfuleni, ama-salmon, nama-smelts.
Ingabe inhlanzi ingajuluka?
Ingabe izinhlanzi zingajuluka? Cha! Izinhlanzi azikwazi ukujuluka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, azikwazi ukuba yiqhwa zize zife emanzini abandayo, ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi ziyizilwane ezinegazi elibandayo, okungukuthi zivumelanisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo ngaleyo ndlela ukujikeleza kwazo kanye nokugaywa komzimba kuhambisane nezinga lokushisa elikuzungezile.
Ingabe inhlanzi inazo izinso?
Izinso ezimnyama ezibomvu zezinhlanzi zinde futhi zincane futhi zigijima ngaphansi komgogodla ukuya emithanjeni emibili, ngayinye evulekela esinyeni somchamo. Umsebenzi wezinso uwukukhipha amanzi nomchamo.
Ingabe inhlanzi iyisilwane?
Izinhlanzi zinegazi elibandayo, izilwane zasemanzini ezinomgogodla kanye namazenga. Ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi eziphila emhlabeni, izinhlanzi ziyanyakaza ngokunyakazisa umgogodla wazo. I-Bony fish inesinye sokubhukuda.