Yini Edingwa Izitshalo Zase-Aquarium?

Ukunakekela izitshalo zasendlini kuwubuciko ngokwakho - kodwa izitshalo ze-aquarium? Kubantu abaningi, umbuzo wokutshala ku-aquarium ungowesibili, uma kunjalo. Kuphela lapho usayizi wethangi kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi sekunqunyiwe lapho imicabango iqala ukuzungeza amathuluzi. Izitshalo emhlabeni ongaphansi kwamanzi zidlala indima ebalulekile. Eqinisweni, kufanele bangene ethangini ngaphambi kwenhlanzi, bayenze ihlale futhi ihehe. Kodwa yini izitshalo ze-aquarium ezidinga ngempela ukuze zikhule?

Ukutshala okokuqala ku-aquarium

E-aquarium, izitshalo zithatha imisebenzi eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Afana nesisefo semvelo: Ahlanza amanzi, awanothise ngomoya-mpilo, futhi angamunca ngisho nobuthi obuhlukahlukene njenge-ammonium ne-nitrate, obungena emanzini busuka ezinhlanzini ezishiywe ngemuva, noma buguqulwe bube yizinto ezingenangozi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, banikeza izakhamuzi zomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi isivikelo esanele, izinketho zokuhlehla kanye nokufihla kwemvelo. Lena ukuphela kwendlela yokuthi izinhlanzi nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ku-aquarium ziphile ngendlela yazo ehambisana nezinhlobo zazo futhi zizizwe zikhululekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala ubuye zokuhlobisa ngokwedlulele. Lapho ukhetha izinhlobo zezitshalo, ukugxila okuyinhloko kusafanele kube endleleni yazo yokusebenza. Kungosizo lwabo kuphela lapho umcengezi wamanzi ube yindawo yemvelo yangempela futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube i-aquarium okungahlalwa kuyo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanele?

Akuzona zonke izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezifanele yonke i-aquarium. Ngokuya ngobukhulu bethangi, izakhiwo zamanzi kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane okufanele zihambe kuzo, kufanele ubhekisise ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezifanele. Izinto ezifana nemithombo yokukhanya namazinga okushisa nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile. Baqinisekisa izimo ezifanele ze-photosynthesis kanjalo nokukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo.

Izitshalo ezifa ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane ngenxa yokuthi bezingafaneleki zigcina zinemiphumela ephambene nomphumela obuwufunayo: zifaka ushevu emanzini ngezinqubo zazo zokubola.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho utshala okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi alikho ihlathi langempela elidlula ichibi. Izitshalo zazivimbelana, zigcwalise ithangi ngokweqile futhi zinikeze izinhlanzi inkululeko encane kakhulu yokubhukuda. Ngakho-ke kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha nezikhula kancane.

Nokho, ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezilwane akufanele kweqiswe. Kungcono ukusebenzisa kuphela izinhlobo ezintathu kuya kwezine kanye nezitshalo eziningana zalezi esikhundleni sezinhlobo eziyishumi ezihlukene, eyodwa ngayinye. Ngaphandle kwesiphithiphithi esibonakalayo, izitshalo ze-aquarium njengeVallisneria zincamela ukutshalwa ngamaqembu.

Izitshalo ze-aquarium ezidume kakhulu zikhethwa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuphathwa kwazo kalula. Zihlanganisa, phakathi kokunye:

• I-Vallisneria, eyaziwa nangokuthi izikulufu zamanzi: Lezi izitshalo zamanzi ahlanzekile ezisheshayo, ezikhula isikhathi eside ezidinga ukukhanya okuningi. Abukeka njengotshani, anamaqabunga amade, azacile futhi akhula aze afike ekugcineni kwechibi. Kufanele zifinyezwe njalo noma zihlungwe ukuze zingathathi i-pelvis yonke.
• Ama-Sumatran ferns: Izitshalo zamanzi ahlanzekile ezikhula ngokushesha futhi ezingabekezeleleki ezinezidingo zokukhanya okuphakathi nendawo ukuya phezulu. Inzuzo yakho enkulu: Banciphisa ukwakheka kwe-algae ngoba bacubungula izakhi eziningi ngokwabo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, zifaneleka futhi njengezitshalo ezintantayo ezintantayo mahhala futhi zingachazwa njengezihlahlana ngenxa yemikhuba yazo yokukhula ezacile futhi ehlukahlukene.
• I-Elodea, ebizwa nangokuthi i-waterweed: Lokhu kubhekisela ezitshalweni zamanzi ahlanzekile ezikhula ngokushesha ezenza isidingo esikhulu ekukhanyeni okuningi, kodwa zingaphikelela kakhulu. Zikhula zibe namagatsha anamaqabunga aluhlaza.
• I-Southern Leaf: Ibukeka ifana ne-clover. I-Bacopa ikhula ngokushesha futhi ihlanganisa indawo enkulu, ngakho-ke ifaneleka kahle ukutshalwa kwamatshe futhi inesidingo sokukhanya okuphakathi nendawo ukuya phezulu. Kodwa-ke, ingaba phezulu kakhulu futhi kufanele ifushaniswe ngokufanele njalo.
• I-Carolina Water Mermaid: Lesi sitshalo esikhula ngokushesha futhi siyachuma emanzini ahlanzekile, senza kahle ngamaqembu, futhi sidinga amazinga okukhanya aphakathi nendawo kuya phezulu. Ngamaqabunga ayo amahle, icishe ifane nesitshalo se-coniferous.
• I-Cryptocoryne, eyaziwa nangokuthi izitsha zamanzi noma amacilongo amanzi: Ayakhula kancane kodwa ayaphikelela futhi ayasebenza kokubili phezulu nangaphansi kwamanzi. Ziphinde zibe zezitshalo zamanzi ahlanzekile futhi zakha amahlamvu amise okwenkomishi.
• Izitshalo ze-Echinodorus noma inkemba: Lezi zitshalo zamanzi ahlanzekile ezikhula kancane zisakazeka kabanzi, zinamaqabunga amise okweqanda, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zingaba nemibala emihle kakhulu, ebomvu, ezenza zifane namaqabunga.
• I-Anubia, eyaziwa nangokuthi iqabunga lomkhonto: I-Anubia ikhula kancane futhi inezidingo zokukhanya okuphakathi nendawo. Ekuqaleni kwakuyisitshalo esinamaxhaphozi, kodwa manje sesichuma nasezindaweni ezihlala emanzini ahlanzekile. Uzizwa enethezekile ematsheni njengasematsheni nasezikhunini.
• Imihlume, ulwelwe, izimila zasolwandle, amakhorali: zonke zingezezitshalo zamanzi anosawoti ngakho-ke zidinga izimo ezikhethekile ukuze zichume kahle. Ngaphezu kokuqukethwe kukasawoti okujwayelekile, ngezinye izikhathi badinga umanyolo okhethekile, ubukhulu obuhlukile bokusanhlamvu njenge-substrate, futhi ekugcineni kodwa okungenani ukukhanya okuningi.

Izitshalo zasemanzini zokwenziwa

Ngokuphindaphindiwe ama-aquariums afakwe izitshalo zokwenziwa. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi umphumela wokuhlunga wemvelo ulahlekile, kodwa ibhalansi iyonke ku-ecosystem “ye-aquarium” ayikutholi ukwesekwa eludingayo.

Ukuze kunxeshezelwe, kusetshenziswa amadivaysi ezobuchwepheshe, okuthi - futhi ngokwenziwa - anesibopho sokuqukethwe kwe-oxygen nokuhlanza amanzi. Izitshalo ze-aquarium yokwenziwa empeleni zinezinzuzo ezimbalwa:

• Awudingi ukunakekelwa.
• Abakwazi ukubola noma ukugula.
• Basanikeza ukuvikelwa kanye nokufihla izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane.

Noma kunjalo, isitshalo sokwenziwa ngeke sibukeke singokwemvelo njengento yangempela. Ikakhulukazi isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlobisa, isibonelo ukuhlobisa isitokwe esingase sibe mncane. Noma kufanele zisetshenziswe esikhundleni sezinhlanzi ezigulayo ukuze zingazifaki ubuthi ezitshalweni “ezivamile”.

Ngezinye izikhathi izitshalo zokwenziwa kufanele zivele zilethe umbala othile emgodini wamanzi. Isibonelo ngokuwabeka ku-aquarium enamanzi ahlanzekile ngendlela yezixhobo zokwenziwa. Akukho mingcele emibonweni yokuklama. Nokho, inhlalakahle yezinhlanzi kufanele ihlale ize kuqala. Ukulima okufanelekile kwezinhlobo, kuncike ekutshaleni okufanele.

Ukunakekela izitshalo ze-aquarium

Ngokuyisisekelo, i-aquarium ihlelwa kuqala nge-substrate (kuhlanganise nomanyolo wesikhathi eside), isihlabathi, amatshe nemigede, neminye imihlobiso. Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kulandela kancane kancane. Izitshalo zisetshenziswa kuphela uma sezigcwaliswe ngokwanele, futhi ngokuqapha: Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo okukhulunywa ngaso, isizinda, izinhlangothi noma amazinga akhethekile kufanele akhethwe njengendawo. Kubalulekile ukuthi i-substrate ilungiselelwe kahle ukunikeza izimpande ngokusekela okwanele. Umanyolo wesikhathi eside unikeza izitshalo zonke izakhamzimba ezibalulekile zisuka nje. Ngemva kwamasonto amane kuya kwayisihlanu, ibhalansi yezinto eziphilayo ku-aquarium izozinza.

Ukutshala ngokuvamile kwanele ukucindezela umgodi omncane ogwadule. Izimpande zifinyezwa kuqala ngokucophelela ukuze zikhule ziqine kamuva. Khona-ke isitshalo sifakwa emgodini futhi simbozwe ngamatshe futhi. Izitshalo ze-Aquarium azivezwanga esimweni sezulu esinamandla noma imisinga enamandla. Noma kunjalo, i-substrate akufanele ibe yinhle kakhulu.

Ukwengeza ekusekeleni okwanele, ukutholakala okuphelele kwezakhamzimba kanye nokungena komoya kwezimpande kubalulekile. I-Aquarium gravel enosayizi wokusanhlamvu cishe. 3 kuya ku-8 mm kuvame ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu. Igravel kufanele futhi ibe nombala okhanyayo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze izimpande zisathola ukukhanya okwanele.

Okunye okuhlukile kuze kukhule ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamatshe hhayi ematsheni. Lezi zitshalo zingalungiswa ngentambo encane edwaleni kuze kube yilapho izimpande sezigubhe ngokwanele.

Imingcele yamanzi kanye nokukhulelwa

Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezakhi, imingcele yamanzi kufanele ihlolwe njalo. Ikakhulukazi, inani le-PH, okuqukethwe kwe-iron kanye ne-oxygen noma okuqukethwe kwe-CO2 kufanele kuhlolwe.

Uma kunesidingo, ungasiza ngomanyolo owuketshezi noma okuthiwa amasethi e-bio-CO2. Kodwa-ke, umthandi we-aquarium kufanele abe nokuqonda okuthile ngezinqubo zebhayoloji namakhemikhali ukuze athathe izinyathelo ezifanele ngesikhathi esifanele.

Isibonelo, izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zithanda amanzi athambile kuphela. Amanzi kufanele futhi ashintshwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze asize ekuhlanzeni. Lokhu kuzuzisa izinhlanzi nezitshalo ngokufanayo.

I-Underwater Nursery

Ngokufanayo nesiqephu semifino, izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi nazo zidinga ukunakekelwa. Susa okusele okuwile futhi ufinyeze amahlumela akhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Lokhu kufanele kuqinisekise ukunikezwa kokukhanya okufanele.

Imithombo yokukhanya yokwenziwa kufanele ithandeke, hhayi okungenani ngenxa yothando lwezinhlanzi ngokukhanya kwelanga okungokwemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-aquarium akudingeki ibe eduze kwefasitela, ngakho-ke ku-draft, futhi amazinga okushisa angalawulwa kangcono. Nokho, ngemva konyaka wokusetshenziswa, amashubhu e-fluorescent kufanele ashintshwe. Njengoba kungabonakali kithi bantu, ukukhanya kuyehla ngemva kwalesi sikhathi futhi i-photosynthesis ihlushwa ukuntuleka kwemithombo yokukhanya.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, izitshalo eziningi zizoqala ukuhluma ngokwazo. Lezi zingaphinde zinqunywe futhi zisuswe noma zikhule njengezitshalo ezintsha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi, ansundu noma aphaphatheke ngokuvamile, lokhu kungase kube uphawu lokuntuleka kwezakhi noma ukweqisa. Kodwa-ke, ngokubheka amanani kanye nokufaka umquba uma kunesidingo, izenzakalo ezinjalo zingalawuleka kalula.

Kuba nzima kakhulu ngama-parasites. Iminenke, ama-polyp amanzi ahlanzekile nezinye izivakashi ezingafunwa zingaba usongo ekutshaleni. Iminenke ngokuvamile kulula ukuyiqoqa, kodwa ngezinye izinambuzane ngokuvamile kusiza kuphela ukuhlukanisa isitshalo esihlaselwe noma, uma ungabaza, ukusisusa ngokuphelele.

Ngokwesibonelo, ulwelwe oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lwakha ungqimba lwangempela emaqabunga futhi ngaleyo ndlela luvimbele i-photosynthesis yesitshalo. Ziphinde zikhiphe ubuthi emanzini, obulimaza izinhlanzi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukunakekelwa okuphelele kwenhlabathi namanzi kuyadingeka. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyasiza ukushiya i-aquarium ingakhanyi izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, impilo yezinhlanzi nezitshalo kufanele inakwe ezinyathelweni ezinjalo.

Ukuhambisana nabakhileyo be-aquarium

Lapho ukhetha izitshalo ze-aquarium, umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo kufanele ucatshangelwe. Ukuzalanisa kungase kudinge izindawo zokucasha ezikhethekile zokuzalanisa, njengezipesheli ze-Sumatra fern. Ibuye ifaneleke kakhulu izimfanzi ezincane. I-Elodea (i-waterweed), ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayinconywa nhlobo ngama-shrimp.

Ngokuphambene, ama-cichlid athambekele ekudleni izitshalo eziningi. Nokho, ama-Anubia ngokuvamile abashiya bodwa.

Ubukhulu, inombolo kanye nendlela yokukhula (isicaba, ububanzi noma ubude ikakhulukazi) kufanele kuhambisane nezinhlobo zezilwane. Akuzona izinhlanzi kuphela ezinezidingo zabo ezikhethekile zezitshalo ze-aquarium, kodwa nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngisho nezitshalo ngokwazo.

Ukushintsha kwezitshalo ku-aquarium

Ngokufanelekile, i-aquarium ihlale iyisistimu ehlangene. Ukushintshashintsha okuncane kakhulu, ukungahambi kahle noma ukuphazamiseka kungakhipha yonke i-biotope ebhalansi. Njengoba nje amanzi edinga ukulungiswa kahle, ukulawulwa, futhi avuselelwe, kanjalo nesidingo sokunakwa ngokucophelela ekutshaleni. Ingxenye ngayinye incike ngokuqondile kwenye. Kungaba izinhlanzi, izinsiza zobuchwepheshe, amanani amanzi, izinto zokusebenza, noma izitshalo ze-aquarium.

Kunini lapho isitshalo esihlala emanzini sidinga ukushintshwa?

Izitshalo zasemanzini ezimbalwa kuphela ezitholakala ngokudayisa eziwunyaka. Ihlala kalula iminyaka eminingana. Baziphindaphinda ngokwabo, isibonelo ngamasinki, banelisekile ngezimo zokukhanya kanye nomanyolo kanye nokunakekelwa okuncane njalo.

Kuphela uma isitshalo sonakaliswe kabi kakhulu ngenxa yokuntula imisoco noma ukuhlaselwa yizilokazane ezinzima kangangokuthi kuwumthwalo ongaphezu kokukhululeka uma kufanele kushintshwe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlanzi ekutshalweni zingatshalwa kakhulu kangangokuthi kunengqondo ukulahla isitshalo esithintekile. Izinkinga ezinjalo ngokuvamile ziyavela ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo zezitshalo azikhethwanga ukuze zifane nenani lezinhlanzi.

Izitshalo ezixekethile, ezintantayo okungenzeka azizange ziqine ngokwanele noma okungenzeka zisishulwe izinhlanzi zingatshalwa kabusha kalula. Okungenani inqobo nje uma izimpande zingonakalisiwe kakhulu.

Umthetho ojwayelekile, nokho, ukuthi izitshalo ze-aquarium kufanele zihlale zingashintshile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze zingaphazamisi ukusebenzisana kwezinto eziphilayo okwake kwenzeka. Uma kunesidingo, kufanele kushintshwe izitshalo ezilinganayo.

Kodwa-ke, izizathu zokushintsha ukutshala zingaba ezinye izici ethangini ezishintshayo futhi kufanele zinxeshezelwe izitshalo ezintsha. Izikhathi zokuzala ngokuvamile ziyisizathu esinjalo. Ezinye izimo ku-aquarium ngezinye izikhathi ziyadingeka ukuze kuboniswe ukuqomisana, ukuzala, kanye nokukhulisa intsha. Ukushintsha kwezitshalo nakho kungaba nengqondo uma isakhamuzi esisha sengezwa noma, ngokuphambene, ezinye zisusiwe.

Ingabe izitshalo ze-aquarium zidlula ubusika?

Ngokungafani nechibi lasengadini, i-aquarium imvamisa ingaphansi kwezimo ezihlala njalo. Nokho, abanye basebenzisa zombili izindlela zokugcina izinhlanzi ezihlala emanzini. Isibonelo, izinhlanzi zegolide noma i-koi zichitha ihlobo echibini lasengadini futhi zifakwa ku-aquarium ukuze zidlule ubusika.

Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi izitshalo zasechibini kufanele zihambe nazo. Ngokuphambene nalokho: Ukuze unakekele kahle izitshalo nezilwane, izitshalo zasechibini kufanele zihlale zingathintwa ukuze zikwazi ukuchuma futhi ngokwemvelo entwasahlobo.

Esikhundleni salokho, izitshalo ezifanele kufanele zilungiswe ngesikhathi esifanele izindawo zasebusika e-aquarium. Njengomthetho, izinhlanzi ezithintekile zilala emazingeni okushisa apholile futhi emakamelweni amnyama. Ukutshala kufanele kukwazi ukuhambisana ngokufanele ngokunganaki. Abanye abanikazi bezilwane zezilwane baze benze ngaphandle kwezitshalo zasemanzini ebusika. Kodwa-ke, ukuziphatha okufanele kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuhlanganisa namathuba amaningi okuhlehla, ikakhulukazi phakathi nalesi sigaba sokuphumula.

Ngaphandle kwemigede, izitshalo ezivikelayo ziyindlela engcono kakhulu futhi engokwemvelo ukuze izinhlanzi zizizwe zivikelekile futhi ziphephile.