UMary Allen
Isingeniso: Ukuqala Kokuhlola Umkhathi
Ukuhlola umkhathi kwaqala njengomncintiswano phakathi kweSoviet Union ne-United States phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Imibuso emibili emikhulu yayigijima ukuze ifinyelele intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ekuhloleni umkhathi, futhi omunye wemigomo yayo kwakuwukuthumela isidalwa esiphilayo emkhathini. ISoviet Union, ngohlelo lwayo lwasemkhathini oluthuthukisiwe, yaphumelela kulo mzamo ngokufaka inja yokuqala emkhathini.
Isidalwa Esiphilayo Sokuqala Sithunyelwe Emkhathini
Isidalwa esiphilayo sokuqala esathunyelwa emkhathini kwakuyinja okuthiwa uLaika. Ngo-November 3, 1957, iSoviet Union yethula iSputnik 2, umkhumbi-mkhathi owawuthwele uLaika. Lo msebenzi wawuyimpumelelo enkulu ekuhloleni umkhathi, njengoba wawuphawula okokuqala ukuthi isidalwa esiphilayo sithunyelwe emzileni ozungeza uMhlaba.
Uhlelo lwe-Space lweSoviet Union
Uhlelo lwasemkhathini lweSoviet Union lwalungolunye lwezithuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Yayiholwa uSergei Korolev, owaziwa ngokuthi unguyise wohlelo lwasemkhathini lwaseSoviet. Okuzuzwe yilolu hlelo kuhlanganisa isethelayithi yokwenziwa yokuqala emkhathini, umuntu wokuqala osemkhathini, kanye nohambo lokuqala lwasemkhathini.
Ukukhethwa Nokuqeqeshwa Kwezinja Zemkhathi
ISoviet Union yakhetha futhi yaqeqeshelwa izinja eziya emkhathini ngoba zazibhekwa njengezilwane ezifaneleka kakhulu kulo msebenzi. Izinja zakhethwa ngokusekelwe ngobukhulu bazo, isimo sengqondo, namandla okumelana nokucindezeleka. Baqeqeshelwa ukumelana nobunzima bokundiza emkhathini, okuhlanganisa nama-G-force aphezulu abahlangabezene nawo ngesikhathi sokwethulwa nokungena kabusha.
Ukwethulwa kweLaika
ULaika wethulwa emkhathini ngoNovemba 3, 1957, emkhunjini we-Sputnik 2. Lo msebenzi wawuyimpumelelo enkulu ohlelweni lwasemkhathini lweSoviet Union, njengoba wawubonisa ukuphakama kwawo kwezobuchwepheshe ngaphezu kwe-United States. ULaika wayeyisidalwa sokuqala esiphilayo ukuzungeza uMhlaba.
Isiphetho sikaLaika
Ngeshwa, ukuthunywa kukaLaika kwakuwuhambo lokuya indlela eyodwa. Umkhumbi-mkhathi wawungaklanyelwe ukutholwa, futhi uLaika wafa emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokwethulwa ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile okubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lokulawula ukushisa komkhumbi-mkhathi. Kwaba isiphetho esidabukisayo senja enesibindi eyaqopha umlando ngokuba yisidalwa esiphilayo sokuqala ukuya emkhathini.
Ezinye Izinja Zithunyelwe Emkhathini
Ngemva kokuthunywa komlando kaLaika, iSoviet Union yaqhubeka nokuthumela izinja emkhathini. Izinja ezingaphezu kuka-20 zathunyelwa ohambweni lwasemkhathini phakathi kuka-1957 no-1966. Ezinye zazo zatholwa ziphephile, kanti ezinye, ngeshwa, zabhekana nesiphetho esifanayo nesikaLaika.
Umthelela Wendiza KaLaika
Ukundiza kukaLaika kube nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni. Kwabonisa ukuphakama kwezobuchwepheshe kweSoviet Union ekuhloleni umkhathi futhi kwabangela inkathi entsha yokuhlola umkhathi. Yaphinde yakhuthaza ososayensi nonjiniyela ukuba bakhe ubuchwepheshe obusha obuzokwenza abantu bakwazi ukuhlola indawo.
Ukugxekwa Nokungqubuzana Okuzungeza Ukwethulwa kukaLaika
Ukwethulwa kukaLaika kwagxekwa abanye abalwela amalungelo ezilwane abathi lo msebenzi wawunonya futhi awunasidingo. ISoviet Union nayo yagxekwa ngokunganikezi indlela yokuthi uLaika abuyele ephephile eMhlabeni.
Ukuqashelwa kanye neSikhumbuzo seLaika
U-Laika uye waqashelwa futhi wakhunjulwa ngezindlela eziningi kusukela ekufeni kwakhe. Ngo-2008, isikhumbuzo samiswa ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe eMoscow. Uye waboniswa kwezobuciko, izincwadi namafilimu.
Ifa leSoviet Space Dogs
Ifa lezinja zasemkhathini zaseSoviet lisekhona nanamuhla. Igalelo labo ekuhloleni umkhathi kwavula indlela yokundiza kwabantu emkhathini, futhi isibindi nokuzinikela kwabo kuyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza abantu emhlabeni wonke.
Isiphetho: Igalelo likaLaika Ekuhloleni Umkhathi
Igalelo likaLaika ekuhloleni indawo angeke ligcizelelwe. Waba yisidalwa esiphilayo sokuqala ukuya emkhathini futhi wavula indlela yokundiza komuntu emkhathini. Isibindi nokuzidela kwakhe kuyohlale kukhunjulwa futhi kubungazwa njengempumelelo enkulu emlandweni wokuhlola indawo.