UMary Allen
“Hawu, bengicabanga ukuthi amaqabunga ayizitshalo?!”, “Ingabe iqabunga selinyakazile ngempela?” Noma “Akukholakali ngempela lokho!” Amazwi ongawezwa kaningi uma kuza ekuhlanganeni kwakho kokuqala nama-Walking Leaves. Noma njengoba owayengumfundi wami akubeka ngamafuphi: “Hawu! I-LOL ephelele “.
Ukuhamba Amaqabunga?
Amaqabunga ahambayo ayizinambuzane ezifihlekile ezingakwazi ukuhlukaniswa namaqabunga "angempela" ngaphandle (ikakhulukazi emaqabunga, ingasaphathwa emahlathini!) Futhi futhi zihlaba umxhwele ekuziphatheni kwazo. Isibonelo, uma zipheshulwa, zinyakaza njengamahlamvu omoya. Ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-camouflage, enembile ngokwesayensi njengokuthi "i-mimetic", iphelele futhi ivikela izilwane ezidla ezinye. Yebo, labo abangatholakalanga ngeke baphelele epuletini lesaga.
Amaqabunga ahambayo afihleke kahle kangangokuthi ngisho nabagcini abanolwazi bakuthola kunzima ukubona lezi zinambuzane emaqabunga. Ngendlela, ukulandelela kuwumsebenzi ohlale ujabulisa futhi unikeza injabulo. Futhi uma usebenza ngokujulile nalo mndeni wezinambuzane, ufunda futhi ukubheka eduze - into engekho ngokwemvelo ezikhathini zethu ezihamba ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kokuthakasela abanayo kubantu, amaqabunga ahambayo nawo anenzuzo enkulu kakhulu: Alula kakhulu ukuwanakekela futhi ngenxa yalokho afanelekela abaqalayo ezindaweni ezizungezile.
Amaqabunga ahambayo awawona nje amaqabunga ahambayo, ngoba ngaphakathi kwalo mndeni wezinambuzane, izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 zihlukaniswa, noma izinhlobo eziningi kangaka ziye zachazwa ngokwesayensi kuze kube manje. Njengoba i-tax entsha itholakala njalo, kungacatshangwa ukuthi inombolo izokhula ngokuzayo.
Nokho, ukuze kugcinwe nokunakekelwa kwamaqabunga ahambayo, akuzona lezi zinhlobo eziningi ezingabazekayo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala kuma-terrariums aseJalimane cishe yi-Phyllium siccifolium yasePhilippines. Abanye ososayensi banombono wokuthi lolu hlobo, olugcinwe eYurophu, luwuhlobo oluhlukile olungabizwa ngokuthi i-Phyllium philippinicum. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono awabiwe yibo bonke ochwepheshe. Abagxeki bayaphikisana nokuthi intela yakamuva iyingxube engashiwongo kuphela. Yiba noma kunjalo: Uma ubheka ama-Walking Leaves kumawebhusayithi afanelekile, izilwane zinikezwa ngaphansi kwamagama womabili anganakekelwa ngemibandela yokufuya ebhalwe ngezansi.
Kwi-Biology kanye ne-Biological Systematics
Umndeni wamaqabunga ahambayo (i-Phylliidae) ungowohlelo lwe-ghost horror (Phasmatodea, gr. Phasma, ghost), okuhlanganisa nokuthusayo kwangempela kwesipoki kanye nesinambuzane senduku. Endabeni yamaqabunga ahambayo, abesilisa nabesifazane bahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Le dimorphism yobulili yePhyllium ivezwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ekhonweni layo lokundiza. Ezinsikazi ezingandizi zinkulu ngokuphawulekayo futhi zisinda kunezinduna ezikwazi ukundiza futhi zinezimpiko eziqinile ngokuphelele. Amaduna anesimo esincanyana, anesisindo esilula, futhi ane-membranous, amaphiko amancane angaphambili uma kuqhathaniswa. Amanye amaqabunga ahambayo ayakwazi ukukhiqiza izintombi (i-parthenogenesis), i. H. Abesifazane bayakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo ngaphandle komlingani wesilisa. I-Parthenogenesis ibhekwa njengefakazelwe kuPhyllium giganteum kanye nePhyllium bioculatum.
Ngokombono wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukubuka ukuvuselelwa kwezitho noma ukubuka ukuthi amaqabunga ahambayo afile kanjani (i-reflex efile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-thanatose) lapho ezizwa esongelwa.
Ukusabalalisa Kwemvelo, Ukudla, kanye nendlela yokuphila
Ukusatshalaliswa kwemvelo kwePhylliidae kusuka eSeychelles kudlulele eNdiya, eChina, ePhilippines, e-Indonesia, naseNew Guinea kuya eziQhingini zaseFiji. Indawo enkulu yokusabalalisa iSoutheast Asia. I-Phyllium siccifolium yenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zendawo eNdiya, eChina, eMalaysia nasePhilippines. Ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, izinambuzane ezidla amahlamvu (= ezidla amaqabunga) zidla amaqabunga amagwava, umango, irhambutane, ukhokho, i-mirabilis, njll. zingasetshenziswa, kodwa futhi amahlamvu sessile kanye English oki.
Isimo Sengqondo Nokunakekela
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-terrarium kubalulekile ukugcina nokunakekela amaqabunga ahambayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amabhokisi esibungu, ama-glass terrariums, kanye ne-plastic terrariums yesikhashana afanelekile. Kunoma yikuphi, kufanele unake umoya omuhle. Umhlabathi ungambozwa nge-peat noma nge-substrate eyomile, engaphili (isb. I-vermiculite, amatshe amatshe). Kunengqondo futhi ukubonisa iphepha lasekhishini, njengoba kulula ukuqoqa amaqanda. Kodwa-ke, umthwalo wokusebenza lapho iphansi limboziwe lincane kakhulu kunalapho umqulu wasekhishini ushintshwa masonto onke. Kwesinye isikhathi okokumboza okuphilayo noma okungaphili kufanele kushintshwe noma kunjalo njengoba indle yezilwane ingabukeki futhi ingahlanzeki. Kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ungalahli amaqanda kungenasidingo.
Akufanele ukhethe usayizi we-terrarium mncane kakhulu. Kubantu abadala abashadile, usayizi omncane kufanele ube ngu-25 cm x 25 x 40 cm (ubude!), Ngenani elikhulu lezilwane ezifuywayo ngokufanele ngaphezulu. Mane ubeke amagatsha asikiwe ezitshalo zokudla esitsheni esise-terrarium bese uwashintsha njalo. Kufanele ugweme ukubola kwamaqabunga nezinkuni ezikhuntile ngenxa yezizathu zezifo.
Ukufakwa okwengeziwe kwemisele yamanzi akudingekile, njengoba izinambuzane zivame ukumunca uketshezi oludingekayo ngezitshalo ezidlayo. Kodwa futhi ungabheka izilwane kaningi ekugcinweni, ngokufaka amaconsi amanzi ngenkuthalo emaqabunga nasezindongeni. Abesifazane abadala ikakhulukazi banesidingo esengeziwe soketshezi. Izinga lokushisa ku-terrarium kufanele nakanjani libe ngaphezu kuka-20 ° C. Akufanele udlule u-27 ° C. 23 ° C ulungile. Lapha ungabona izinga eliphezulu lomsebenzi wezilwane nezifo zenzeka kancane.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungaxhuma isibani sokushisa noma usebenzise ikhebula lokushisa noma i-heater mat. Ngezinsiza zobuchwepheshe ezimbili okukhulunywe ngazo ekugcineni, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi isitsha esinezitshalo zefolishi asithintani ngqo ne-heater, njengoba amanzi azobe eseshisa kakhulu kanye nezinqubo zokubola ezinyakazayo, umsebenzi ongadingekile (kaningi ukushintsha izitshalo zeklabishi) futhi ngokunokwenzeka futhi kubangele izifo. Nokho, emakamelweni amaningi okuhlala, izinga lokushisa langaphakathi le-terrarium lingafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa izinga lokushisa elivamile lekamelo. Umswakama kufanele ube phakathi kuka-60 kuya ku-80%. Ukugcwala kwamanzi kufanele kugwenywe ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Qiniseka ukuthi kunomoya owanele!
ISU
Ngenxa yale njongo, ngincoma ukuthi ufafaze amanzi a-distilled ku-terrarium nsuku zonke - ngamanzi ompompi kukhona ama-limescale deposits ezindongeni zeglasi - ngosizo lwebhodlela le-spray. Akufanele ufutha izilwane ngokuqondile, njengoba amagciwane angazalela futhi andise ezindaweni zamanzi angomisi ku-exoskeleton. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungasebenzisa i-ultrasonic fogger. Kodwa-ke, ithangi lamanzi elidingekayo kufanele lihlanzwe njalo futhi lithatha indawo enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Kodwa i-ultrasonic fogger ilungele ukunakekela izilwane ngempelasonto. Okubizwa ngokuthi ama-rainforest spray systems nawo angacatshangwa ngokomthetho. Ukuze uhlole izinga lokushisa nomswakama, kufanele nakanjani ufake i-thermometer kanye ne-hygrometer ku-terrarium.
Isiphetho
Amahlamvu ahambayo ayizinambuzane ezikhangayo okulula ukuzinakekela futhi okungabizi kakhulu ukuzigcina, futhi “ezingakubopha” iminyaka.