Izifo Ezivame Kakhulu Konogwaja

Onogwaja bayizilwane ezifuywayo ezithandwa kakhulu ngoba abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, bancane kakhulu, bathatha indawo encane kunenja noma ikati, futhi kulula ukubajabulisa. Abaningi banombono wokuthi onogwaja baqinile futhi abaguli neze. Ngeshwa, iphutha elibulalayo kanye nokungaqondi kahle ngesikhathi esifanayo. Onogwaja bafuna kakhulu futhi ngisho namagundane amancane angagula ngokushesha futhi adinga usizo lwezilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, bangaphathwa izifo ezifanayo nezabantu. Iqala ngomkhuhlane omncane futhi igcine ngesifo sikashukela noma izinkinga zenhliziyo. Kulesi sihloko sibheka izifo ezivame kakhulu onogwaja, kodwa njengomnikazi kufanele uthintane nodokotela wezilwane nganoma yiluphi ushintsho olubi esilwaneni sakho ukuze uthathe izinyathelo zokwelashwa ezidingekayo.

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane konogwaja

Onogwaja nabo bangangenwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni, lezi zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Nokho, kubalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi lokhu kwelashwe ngudokotela wezilwane ukuze onogwaja abancane babe ngcono ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo zegciwane nazo ziyingozi kakhulu futhi zivame ukuholela ekufeni konogwaja esikhathini esidlule. Ngakho-ke kuyaxwayiswa, ngoba izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zivame ukuthelelana nabanye onogwaja futhi zingathinta bonke onogwaja abahlala ndawonye ekhaya noma ngaphandle. Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezibangelwa amagciwane i-myxomatosis kanye ne-China blight eyaziwa kakhulu, zombili ezibulalayo ezilwaneni eziningi, okwenza ukwelashwa kucishe kungenzeki futhi kube yimpumelelo kuphela ngenhlanhla enkulu. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela onogwaja bakho ukuthi bagonywe njalo.

I China ukudakwa onogwaja

I-China blight, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-RHD, ivame ukudluliselwa ngokudla okungcolile, omiyane, kanye nezimuncagazi. Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingenzeka konogwaja:

• ukulahlekelwa ukudla;
• ukunganaki;
• Ukuphefumula kuyashesha;
• ukuphazamiseka kwesimo esijwayelekile;
• Abanye onogwaja bafa ngobusuku obubodwa ngisho bengenazo izimpawu.

I-pathogen iyi-calicivirus, ekwazi ukumelana kakhulu futhi iqinile. Ngisho emazingeni okushisa angama-4 degrees nje, ingahlala itheleleka cishe izinsuku ezingama-225. Lokhu akuthinti kuphela onogwaja abahlala ekhaya, kodwa nonogwaja basendle. Nokho, thina bantu nezinye izilwane ezinjengezinja namakati asikwazi ukuzithelela thina. Ukwelapha izilwane eziye zangenwa amagciwane cishe akunathemba futhi bambalwa onogwaja abalulamayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ochwepheshe batusa njalo ukunikeza onogwaja ukugoma kwe-booster njalo ngonyaka.

I-myxomatosis

Azikho izimpawu ezingaguquki eziye zatholakala konogwaja be-myxomatosis, okwenza lesi sifo singabonakali nakakhulu kunalokho esiyikho kakade. Kuncike ku-virulence yohlobo lwegciwane ngakho-ke luhlala luhluke kakhulu. Ukwamukela kwezilwane nakho kunendima lapha. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zalesi sifo zihlanganisa:

• Amafomu e-edema engaphansi (i-myxoma)
• ukuvuvukala kweso
• amehlo avuvukala
• ukuphuma emehlweni

Igciwane ngokwalo libhekwa njengeliqinile futhi likwazi ukumelana, ukuze likwazi ukusinda kalula isomiso nokubanda. Nokho, esikhathini esidlule kwatholakala ukuthi ukushisa kungasetshenziswa njengendlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nalokhu. Nokho, amagciwane ahlukene angaphila kalula endaweni kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuthola unogwaja omusha, kuhlale kuhle ukuthi wenze kanjalo okungenani ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka. Kithina bantu, nokho, leli gciwane alitheleleki ngakho-ke alinangozi ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke ochwepheshe beluleka ngokumelene nalesi sifo ukuvikela izilwane ngokugoma ngisho nokucacisa izikhathi ezikhethekile zesikhathi. Ukugoma kokuqala kufanele kube ngoMashi noma ngo-April futhi ukugoma kwaminyaka yonke kwesibili ngoSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba. Ngomgomo wokuqala, ukugoma okuyisisekelo akufanele kukhohlwe, okusho ngolimi olulula ukuthi ngemva kokugoma kokuqala ukugoma kwe-booster kufanele kunikezwe emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, ngoba yiyona ndlela kuphela yokugoma okuyisisekelo.

Ukutheleleka kwe-protozoal konogwaja

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona okuthiwa ukutheleleka kwe-protozoal konogwaja, okukhona futhi izinhlobo eziningana. Ngeshwa, kuye ngegciwane kanye ne-bacterium, lesi sifo singase sibulale izilwane, ngakho-ke udokotela wezilwane kufanele athintane ngokushesha.

ICoccidiosis

I-Coccidia yizilokazane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-host-specific parasites ezenzeka emgudwini wamathumbu futhi, kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezihlukene, uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu uhlobo lwe-coccidia, oluthinta imigudu yenyongo nesibindi sezilwane. Ngeshwa, ukudluliswa kwalezi zimuncagazi kubangelwa kakhulu ukufuywa. Ukuntuleka kwenhlanzeko kuvame ukusolwa lapha, okungafanele neze kwenzeke uma onogwaja begcinwa ngendlela efanelekile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuhlanzwa okuphelele kakhulu kanye nokubulala amagciwane ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kuhlala kubaluleke kakhulu. Yiqiniso, lokhu kusebenza ngaphezu kwakho konke endaweni yokuhlala kanye nendawo yonke yokuhlala yezilwane. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhlanzeka okufanele, ungaqiniseka ukuthi la magciwane ngeke athulwe.

Uma unogwaja ezozihlanganisa nomunye unogwaja, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuhlolwe isampula yendle kusenesikhathi. Lena yiyona ndlela kuphela yokugwema ukutheleleka konogwaja abasha. Ngokushesha lapho ukutheleleka kubonakala, ukuya kudokotela wezilwane nakanjani akunakugwenywa. Zonke izinto isilwane esihlangana nazo kufanele nakanjani zilahlwe noma okungenani zibulawe amagciwane, lapho ukubulawa kwamagciwane kufanele kwenziwe nsuku zonke. Ukwelashwa ngokwako kuthatha isikhathi eside impela, okungenxa yomjikelezo wokuvuthwa we-coccidia, okuyizinsuku eziyi-10 kuye kweziyi-14. Ngeshwa, ukusinda kwalezi zinambuzane kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuwabulala ngezibulala-magciwane nakho akulula, ngoba izinga lokushisa lamanzi lapha kufanele libe okungenani ama-degree angu-80. Uma ukwelashwa sekuqediwe, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa indle yezilwane.

Izimpawu:

• Onogwaja bavame ukuba nesifo sohudo, esingasukela ku-slimy kuya ku-bilious;
• ukulahlekelwa ukudla;
• Ezinye izilwane zehlisa isisindo kabi;
• ukwenqaba amanzi;
• isisu esikhukhumele.
• Izifo ezengeziwe ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka

Yiqiniso, kuhlale kululeka kuleli cala, kanye nokusola okuncane, ukuya ngqo kudokotela wezilwane futhi kucaciswe konke. Kunengozi yokufa ngenxa yalesi sifo ngenxa yokuzaca, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezincane kanye nonogwaja abadala.

I-Encephalitozoonosis

I-encephalitozoonosis yesifo nayo ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-wry head futhi ibangelwa i-pathogen Encephalitozoon cuniculi, i-EC transmitted, okuyi-parasite ye-unicellular engabangela umonakalo omkhulu. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngomchamo okhishwe izilwane esezivele zinegciwane, ngakho-ke ngeshwa yisifo sikanogwaja esithathelwanayo kakhulu. Ochwepheshe banombono wokuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-80 onogwaja manje aphethe leli gciwane, kodwa alikakakhuli libe yisifo noma alikwazanga ukuliqeda.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-encephalitozoonosis zihlanganisa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukukhubazeka;
• Onogwaja batshekisa amakhanda;
• onogwaja abaningi bazungeza eksisini yabo noma balale ngohlangothi;
• Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana;
• ukuphazamiseka kwebhalansi;
• Amanani egazi ayashintshwa, ikakhulukazi endaweni yamanani ezinso.

Lesi sifo asikwazi ukuqinisekiswa ngamaphesenti angu-100 esilwaneni esiphilayo, nakuba amanani egazi noma ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody ikakhulukazi kakade kuthumela izimpawu ezicacile. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwelashwa kuqalwe ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, njengoba i-pathogen ihlasela isimiso sezinzwa zezilwane futhi ibangele umonakalo omkhulu lapho. Ukululama okungenazimpawu kungafinyelelwa kuphela uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma singelashwa, lesi sifo siholela ekufeni okubuhlungu kuzo zonke izilwane. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi onogwaja abake baba nalesi sifo bayohlale bengabathwali. Kubantu abanempilo, noma kunjalo, ayikho ingozi, nakuba ngaphezu kwakho konke izinga lokuhlanzeka okunempilo kufanele manje libe yingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke.

Izinkinga zamazinyo konogwaja

Amazinyo onogwaja ahlala ekhula. Ngeshwa, onogwaja abaningi bahlushwa izinkinga zamazinyo kaningi, okungaba nezimbangela ezihluke kakhulu.

Izinkinga ezijwayelekile ngamazinyo

Njengoba amazinyo onogwaja ekhula njalo, lokhu ngokwemvelo kunemiphumela ethile kuwe njengomnikazi. Ngakho-ke kufanele uqinisekise ngokudla ukuthi amazinyo angaguga ewodwa. Ngokushesha lapho ukudla sekulungile, amazinyo akudingeki asikwe udokotela wezilwane. Ukudla kufanele ngokuyinhloko kufake imikhiqizo enothe nge-fiber eluhlaza, bese ihlanganiswa nezinto zamagundane. Utshani notshani kanye notshani namagatsha kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuqinisekisa impilo enhle kakhulu yamazinyo. Nakuba abanikazi abaningi bekholelwa ukuthi isinkwa esiqinile noma ukudla okomile nakho kubangela ukuba amazinyo aguge, ngeshwa lokhu akulona iqiniso. Isinkwa, isibonelo, sithambile ngamathe, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi izinkinga zokugqoka onogwaja ngokuvamile azitholakali kuphela ngaphambili, kodwa nakuma-molars. Manje lezi zilwane zingalimaza ulimi noma izinsini kanye nezihlathi zazo, njengoba lezi zikhomba kakhulu esimweni esinjalo.

Izimpawu zezinkinga ezijwayelekile zamazinyo zihlanganisa:

• Onogwaja baconsa kalula lapho bedla;
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla kuze kuphele ukwenqaba ukudla;
• Onogwaja badla kancane;
• Ukuncipha kokudla utshani;
• Onogwaja balahlekelwa isisindo ngokushesha kuye ngokuthi bafuna ukudla;
• Ukulimala ngomlomo.

Uma kunezinkinga zamazinyo, udokotela wezilwane manje usenethuba lokunquma amathiphu amazinyo, kuyilapho abanye odokotela bezilwane bengakwazi ukwenza ukuhlinzwa okunjalo ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia. Nokho, lokhu kubuye kuncike ezilwaneni ngokwazo. Uma kwenzeka izinkinga ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukubhekisisa ukudla kwamanje ukuze ukwandise uma kunesidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuhlola amazinyo kanogwaja njalo.

Izinkinga zamazinyo ikakhulukazi onogwaja

Uma kukhulunywa ngezinkinga zamazinyo, akumele kube yiziqephu zamazinyo kuphela. Kungase futhi kube nenkinga ngokukhula kwezimpande ezinde konogwaja. Ngokushesha nje lapho lesi sifo sihileleka, ungezwa ukuvuvukala kancane emhlathini ongezansi wesithandwa sakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombe se-X-ray sinikeza isiqiniseko ngokushesha.

izimpawu:

• ukungafuni ukudla;
• iqhubu emhlathini ongezansi;
• ukwenqaba ukudla;
• Phuza kancane;
• i-conjunctivitis.

Ngeshwa, i-conjunctivitis iyingxenye yalesi sithombe somtholampilo, esenzeka ngenxa yokusondela kwesitho sokubukwa. Uma unogwaja wakho uphethwe yilesi sifo, uzoba sezinhlungwini ezinzima. Kuhlale kubalulekile ukuthatha i-X-ray ukuze uthole indawo eqondile kanye nezinga lokuvuvukala. Lapha, amathumba akha ngokushesha ezimpandeni zamazinyo, angahlanganisa futhi ashiye umonakalo omkhulu emhlathini. Ngeshwa, onogwaja baphathwa yilesi sifo ngezikhathi ezithile njengoba amathumba evame ukuphindaphinda. Izindlela zokwelapha zivame ukuba zinde kakhulu.

Ukutheleleka Ngegciwane

Yebo, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingase zenzeke ngokushesha konogwaja, okungase kutheleleke nakwezinye izilwane. Kodwa-ke, asikho nje isifo esisodwa lapha, kodwa izimo eziningana ezahlukene, okufanele zonke zelashwe udokotela wezilwane onekhono.

I-Pasteurellosis

I-Pasteurellosis, eyaziwa nangokuthi umkhuhlane onogwaja, isifo esivame kakhulu esibangelwa amagciwane. Ngisho noma igama elithi "kubanda" lizwakala lingenabungozi ekuqaleni, lokhu ngeshwa akufani nomkhuhlane ovamile, kodwa kubi kakhulu. Onogwaja bangenwa yi-pathogen i-Pasteurella multocida. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo sivame ukuqubuka kuphela lapho onogwaja bebuthakathaka amasosha omzimba. Ezinye izilwane zingakwazi ngisho nokuthwala i-pathogen, nakuba lesi sifo ngokwaso kungadingeki ukuthi siqhamuke. Amagciwane ngokwawo atholakala kakhulu kumafinyila emakhaleni. Lokhu kungafakazelwa ngokususa uketshezi lwamakhala ngosizo lwe-swab. Ngeshwa, le pathogen ngokuvamile ayiveli yodwa, kodwa ilandelwa amanye amagciwane, njenge-Bordetella Bronchiseptica. Ngeshwa, leli qiniso lisho ukuthi amathuba okululama ancipha kakhulu.

Izimpawu ze-pasteurellosis zifaka:

• Ukukhishwa kwekhala kusuka ku-clean kuya ku-purulent;
• Unogwaja uyathimula;
• Ukuphefumula kanzima;
• Ikhala liyaqoshwa;
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla.

Njengoba sekushiwo, lesi sifo sivame ukubukelwa phansi ngenxa yegama laso. Ngeshwa, nokho, onogwaja bafa ngokushesha uma abanikazi bengalashwa ngudokotela wezilwane. Ngalesi sizathu, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi “umkhuhlane omncane” konogwaja uhlolwe ngqo ngudokotela wezilwane ukuze acacise ukuthi ingabe umkhuhlane onogwaja owesabekayo noma umkhuhlane nje ojwayelekile. Phela, lokhu kuhlale kuthathelana kakhulu kuma-conspecifics.

Izifo zomgudu wokugaya ukudla

Isifo sohudo singenye yezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zezifo ezihlukahlukene konogwaja. Nokho, izimbangela zohudo zingahluka kakhulu. Ukuqala ngokudla okungalungile ezifweni ezimbi kakhulu, izizathu zihluke kakhulu. Ngokushesha nje lapho unogwaja wakho ekhishwa yisisu, kuhle ukuthi unikeze amanzi kanye notshani kuphela okwamanje. Uma isifo sohudo saba khona ngenxa yokudla okungalungile, ukuthuthuka ngokuvamile kungabonwa phakathi namahora angu-24. Kodwa-ke, uma lokhu kungenjalo, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela wezilwane.

Uma kungesona isifo sohudo “esivamile,” okungukuthi uma sinephunga elinamandla, kufanele kukhulunywe nodokotela wezilwane ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, uma isifo sohudo siphela ngemva kwamahora angu-24, kufanele ucabange ngokushintsha indlela odla ngayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka, isibonelo, lapho abanikazi onogwaja beqala ukunikeza izilwane ifolishi eluhlaza futhi entwasahlobo. Ikakhulukazi, ukudla okuqukethe okusanhlamvu okuningi akufanele kusaba kumenyu esikhathini esizayo, ngoba yilapho futhi lapho kungatholakala khona izimbangela zohudo konogwaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqunjelwa kanye ne-flatulence kuvame ukwenzeka konogwaja, lapho kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela wezilwane lapha. Kulesi simo, izilwane ezithintekile ziba nobuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu, kangangokuthi lesi sifo asikwazi neze ukuqhathaniswa nezimpawu kithina bantu. Ngakho-ke kufanele kuhlale kukhunjulwa ukuthi zombili izimpawu zingase zenzeke ngenxa yezifo ezimbi kakhulu. Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu emkhakheni we-digestive tract yilezi ezilandelayo:

Umlutha wesigubhu

Ukulutha kwezigubhu ukwakheka kwegesi esiswini, okuvame ukubangelwa ukuvutshelwa kokudla. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokudla ifolishi elomile eliqukethe okusanhlamvu, kanye nefolishi elimanzi noma elishisayo eliluhlaza. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zalesi sifo zihlanganisa:

• ukuqunjelwa kwesisu;
• Isifuba siqhuma siye phambili;
• ukuphelelwa umoya;
• ukungafuni ukudla;
• Izinhlungu.

Lapha, futhi, ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwezilwane, kufanele kwenziwe ukudla kwe-hay-water, okufanele kuhlale okungenani izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Sicela ungasebenzi ngelambu elibomvu manje. Ukushisa kungasheshisa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuvutshelwa futhi kubhebhethekise kakhulu isifo.

Isisu Sesisu

Ukuvaleka kwesisu konogwaja kwaziwa nangokuthi ukwakheka kwebhola lezinwele. Lesi sifo ngokwaso sibangelwa ukwakheka kwamabhola, okubangelwa, isibonelo, izinto ezingenakudliwa kanye ne-fibrous, ezivela ezinwele, utshani obomile noma izinsalela ze-carpet, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zalesi sifo zihlanganisa:

• ukunganaki;
• ukungafuni ukudla;
• Onogwaja balahlekelwa isisindo;
• Ubulongwe obuncane noma ukungabikho nhlobo;
• ukungahlaliseki;
• Ukushintsha njalo indawo yokuqamba amanga;
• Izinhlungu.

Ukuvaleka kwesisu kungabulala ngokushesha ezilwaneni, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wezilwane ngokushesha, okungase kudingeke akhiphe izinwele. Uma ufuna ukugwema ukuqunjelwa yisisu, kufanele usekele izilwane ngokudla okufanele, ikakhulukazi lapho zichitha. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuphakela uphayinaphu kanye nekiwi, njengoba lokhu kuqukethe into esebenzayo i-bromelin, enezakhiwo zokwenza izinwele ezigwinywe kube lula ukuphuma. Ukulungiswa okujulile ngendlela yokuxubha kufanele futhi kwenzeke ngalesi sikhathi ukuze ezinye izinwele zisuswe kusukela ekuqaleni.

Isiphetho sethu ngendaba yezifo zogwaja

Noma ubani owayecabanga ukuthi onogwaja abazange bagule lokho ngokuvamile kwafakazelwa ukuthi banephutha. Nokho, ezinye izifo zingagwenywa ngokuqondile. Ukudla okufanele kwezinhlobo zezilwane kanye nokuhlinzekwa kokuphakelayo okusha kanye notshay kungaba negalelo elikhulu kulokhu. Kodwa-ke, inhlanzeko akufanele neze inganakwa futhi ukuzivocavoca ngaphandle kwekheji kufanele kwenziwe kwenzeke nsuku zonke. Futhi, thola isilwane sakho esifuywayo sigonywe njalo bese sihlolwa udokotela wezilwane. Nokho, ungalokothi ukhohlwe ukuhlola njalo ukuthi konke kulungile, ukuhlola amazinyo akho, futhi ukunaka izinguquko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sicela ukuthi ungalokothi ufuye onogwaja bodwa, badinga ukuba seduze nabanye onogwaja ukuze bazizwe bekhululekile ngempela. Uma unamathela kule mithetho eyisisekelo, okufanele empeleni kube yindaba lapho ugcina izilwane, udale isisekelo esiqinile. Yebo, kusengenzeka futhi kaningi ukuthi unogwaja ugule. Khona-ke, kunjalo, ukuya kudokotela wezilwane akunakugwenywa.