UMary Allen
Isingeniso: U-Laika kanye Nomsebenzi Wakhe Womlando Womkhathi
ULaika wayeyinja enhlanhlathayo evela emigwaqweni yaseMoscow owaba yisidalwa sokuqala esiphilayo ukuzungeza Umhlaba ngoNovemba 3, 1957. Wethulwa emkhunjini wasemkhathini waseSoviet iSputnik 2, okuphawula ingqopha-mlando ekuhloleni umkhathi. Umsebenzi kaLaika wawuwumsebenzi wobunjiniyela nesibindi, kodwa futhi waphakamisa imibuzo yokuziphatha mayelana nokwelashwa kwezilwane ocwaningweni lwesayensi.
Uhlelo lweSoviet Space kanye nezinjongo zalo
ISoviet Union yayimagange ukukhombisa ukuphakama kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe ngaphezu kwe-United States phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi, futhi umjaho wasemkhathini waba inkundla yempi eyinhloko yalo mncintiswano. Uhlelo lweSoviet space luhlose ukukhombisa amakhono esayensi yeSoviet nobunjiniyela, kanye nokuhlola izimfihlakalo zesikhala. Uhulumeni waseSoviet wayenethemba lokuthi impumelelo yasemkhathini izothuthukisa ukuziqhenya kwesizwe futhi ikhuthaze intsha ukuba iphishekele imisebenzi yesayensi nobunjiniyela.
Ukukhethwa Nokuqeqeshwa kweLaika
ULaika wayengenye yezinja ezimbalwa ezikhethelwe uhlelo lwasemkhathini, futhi wakhethwa ngenxa yobukhulu bakhe obuncane, umoya ozolile, nekhono lokumelana nokucindezeleka ngokomzimba. Uthole ukuqeqeshwa okubanzi ukuze amlungiselele umgomo wakhe wasemkhathini, okuhlanganisa ukufakwa endaweni eyicentrifuge ukuze alingise ama-G-forces okwethulwa kanye nokugqoka isudi yasemkhathini ukuze ajwayele ukuzwa ukungabi nasisindo. Naphezu kokubaluleka kwesayensi komsebenzi kaLaika, ukukhethwa nokwelashwa kwakhe kwaphakamisa ukukhathazeka kokuziphatha phakathi kwezishoshovu zamalungelo ezilwane.
Ukwethulwa Okuyimpikiswano Nokufa kukaLaika
Ukwethulwa kweSputnik 2 noLaika ebhodini kwaba impumelelo enkulu yohlelo lwesikhala saseSoviet, kodwa futhi kwabangela ukungqubuzana nokugxeka. Umkhumbi-mkhathi wawungaklanyelwe ukubuyela eMhlabeni, futhi kwakwaziwa kabanzi ukuthi uLaika wayengeke asinde ohambweni. Iziphathimandla zaseSoviet zagomela ngokuthi uLaika wayefe ngokuthula ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ezungeza, kodwa kamuva kwavezwa ukuthi wayefile ngempela ngenxa yokushisa nokucindezeleka ngemva kwamahora ambalwa nje eqalisiwe.
Ukusabalala kwabezindaba kanye nokusabela komphakathi ku-Mission kaLaika
Umsebenzi kaLaika wadonsa ukunaka kwabezindaba zomhlaba futhi wavusa ingxube yokuthakasela, ukutuseka, nokucasuka. Abanye bamdumise njengengqalabutho eyiqhawe yokuhlola umkhathi, kuyilapho abanye begxeka unya lokuthumela isilwane esingenacala emkhathini singenathemba lokubuya. Ukuphikisana okuphathelene nomsebenzi kaLaika nakho kwabangela izingxabano mayelana nokuziphatha kokuhlolwa kwezilwane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidalwa eziphilayo ocwaningweni lwesayensi.
Umthelela KaLaika Ekuhloleni Umkhathi Nokuhlolwa Kwezilwane
Umsebenzi kaLaika waba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuhlola indawo nokuhlolwa kwezilwane. Ukuzinikela kwakhe kwagqamisa ubungozi nezinselelo zokuhamba emkhathini, futhi kwagqugquzela imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kosomkhathi babantu nezilwane. Iphinde yaqwashisa mayelana nokucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha zokusetshenziswa kwezilwane ocwaningweni lwesayensi, okuholela ekwandeni kokuhlolwa nokulawulwa kokuhlolwa kwezilwane.
Izikhumbuzo Nezikhumbuzo zikaLaika
Isiphetho esibuhlungu sikaLaika siye sakhunjulwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene phakathi neminyaka. Ngo-2008, kwamiswa isifanekiso sikaLaika eduze nesikhungo sokucwaninga sezempi saseMoscow lapho ayeqeqeshelwa khona umsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-2011, isikhumbuzo sikaLaika sembulwa edolobheni laseSiberia laseYakutsk, lapho azalelwa khona. Ifa likaLaika liye lahlonishwa nasezincwadini, kumafilimu, nakweminye imisebenzi yobuciko.
Ifa le-Laika Kwezemfundo Yamasiko Nesayensi Edumile
Indaba kaLaika iye yaphefumulela abantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele futhi isibe uphawu lwesibindi nokuzidela. Ifa lakhe liqhubeka ngesiko elidumile, kubhekiselwa kuye ekuveleni kwakhe emculweni, ezincwadini, ngisho nasemidlalweni yevidiyo. Umsebenzi kaLaika uphinde waba ithuluzi lokufundisa elibalulekile emfundweni yesayensi, okusiza ukuvusa isithakazelo sabafundi ekuhloleni indawo kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Izifundo Ezifundwa Emnqondweni kaLaika kanye Nokwelashwa Kwezilwane
Umsebenzi kaLaika waphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile yokuziphatha mayelana nokwelashwa kwezilwane ocwaningweni lwesayensi, futhi uye waholela ekuqwashiseni okukhulu nasekulawuleni ukuhlolwa kwezilwane. Indaba yakhe isebenza njengesikhumbuzo sesidingo sokucatshangelwa kokuziphatha ocwaningweni lwesayensi, nokubaluleka kokulinganisa izinzuzo zolwazi lwesayensi nenhlalakahle yezidalwa eziphilayo.
Isiphetho: Indawo kaLaika Emlandweni kanye Nekusasa Lokuhlola Umkhathi
Umsebenzi womlando wesikhala sikaLaika kanye nesiphetho esibuhlungu kuye kwamenza waba uphawu oluhlala njalo lwesibindi nokuzidela kokuhlola indawo. Ifa lakhe libe nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwenhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nokucatshangelwa kokuziphatha ocwaningweni lwesayensi. Njengoba abantu beqhubeka nokuhlola izimfihlakalo zesikhala, indaba kaLaika isebenza njengesikhumbuzo sezinselele kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo ehambisana nokuphusha imingcele yolwazi lwesayensi.