Impilo kaRoger Arliner Young

URoger Arliner Young wayengusosayensi wase-Afrika-waseMelika owaba neqhaza elikhulu emkhakheni wezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Wazalwa ngoSepthemba 13, 1899, eClifton Forge, eVirginia, futhi wakhulela emndenini ompofu. Naphezu kwezinselele abhekana nazo, uYoung wayezimisele ukuphishekela uthando lwakhe lwesayensi.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-16, u-Young wabhalisa e-Howard University eWashington, DC, lapho afunda khona i-biology. Kamuva waqhubeka nokuthola iziqu ze-master in zoology e-University of Chicago futhi waba ngowesifazane wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika ukuthola i-PhD kusayensi yezilwane eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania ngo-1940.

Izimpumelelo Zakuqala Ezemfundo

Impumelelo yasekuqaleni kwentsha ezifundweni yayimangalisa. Phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokuthweswa iziqu e-Howard University, wayengumsizi waselabhorethri ka-Ernest Everett Just, isazi sebhayoloji esidumile sase-Afrika-America. Usanda kubona amandla ka-Young futhi wamkhuthaza ukuba aphishekele umsebenzi wesayensi.

Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu zakhe ze-masters eNyuvesi yaseChicago, u-Young waklonyeliswa ngenhlanganyelo ehlonishwayo evela ku-Rosenwald Fund. Lokhu kwamvumela ukuba aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania, lapho enza khona ucwaningo ngemiphumela yemisebe emaqandeni e-sea urchin.

Imizabalazo kanye Nempumelelo Emsebenzini Wakhe

Naphezu kwempumelelo yakhe yokuqala, u-Young wabhekana nezinkinga eziningi emsebenzini wakhe. Wazabalaza nobumpofu, ukucwaswa nempilo ebuthaka ukuphila kwakhe konke. Uphinde wabhekana nezinkinga zokulutheka nempilo yengqondo, okwathinta umsebenzi wakhe nempilo yakhe yomuntu siqu.

Noma kunjalo, u-Young waqhubeka nokwenza impumelelo emkhakheni wakhe. Wayaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe we-physiology yezilwane zasolwandle kanye nemiphumela yezici zemvelo ekuthuthukisweni kwazo. Ucwaningo lwakhe ngemiphumela yemisebe emaqandeni ama-urchin olwandle lwaba yisisekelo futhi lwasiza ukuhlahla indlela yezifundo zesikhathi esizayo ngemiphumela yemisebe ezintweni eziphilayo.

Iminikelo ku-Marine Biology

Igalelo lentsha emkhakheni wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle lalibalulekile. Wenza ucwaningo ngezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle, okuhlanganisa ama-sea urchin, i-starfish, nama-clams. Umsebenzi wakhe ku-physiology yalezi zilwane usize ekukhanyiseleni ukuthi zivumelana kanjani nendawo yazo nokuthi izici zemvelo zikuthinta kanjani ukukhula kwazo.

U-Young uphinde waba neqhaza elibalulekile ocwaningweni lwe-ecology yasolwandle. Wayenentshisekelo ekusebenzelaneni phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle nendawo yazo, futhi ucwaningo lwakhe lwasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda kwethu ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukene zemvelo yasolwandle.

Okutholakele Nezincwadi

U-Young wathola okuningi kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. Ucwaningo lwakhe ngemiphumela yemisebe emaqandeni ama-urchin olwandle lwaba impumelelo enkulu, njengoba lusize ukuhlahla indlela yezifundo zesikhathi esizayo ngemiphumela yemisebe ezintweni eziphilayo.

U-Young uphinde washicilela amaphepha amaningana ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, okuhlanganisa isayensi yezinto eziphilayo zezilwane zasolwandle, imiphumela yezici zemvelo ekuthuthukisweni kwazo, kanye nokusebenzelana phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Umsebenzi wakhe wahlonishwa kakhulu futhi wacashunwa abanye ososayensi kulo mkhakha.

Ifa Emkhakheni Wesayensi

Ifa lentsha emkhakheni wesayensi libalulekile. Wayengomunye wabesifazane bokuqala base-Afrika-baseMelika ukuthola i-PhD kusayensi yezilwane futhi waba negalelo elibalulekile ocwaningweni lwesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Umsebenzi wakhe usize ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda kwethu ukuthi izilwane zasolwandle zizivumelanisa kanjani nemvelo yazo nokuthi izici zemvelo zikuthinta kanjani ukukhula kwazo.

Ifa lika-Young liphinde libe ugqozi ezizukulwaneni ezizayo zososayensi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane bebala abaqhubeka nokucwaswa kanye nezithiyo zokungena emkhakheni wesayensi.

Izinselele Okubhekana Nazo Njengowesifazane Onemibala

U-Young wabhekana nezinselelo eziningi njengowesifazane onemibala emkhakheni wesayensi. Wazabalaza nobumpofu, ukucwaswa nempilo ebuthaka ukuphila kwakhe konke. Waphinde wabhekana nezithiyo zokungena emkhakheni wesayensi futhi wayevame ukunganakwa ngamathuba nezikhundla ezazitholwa ozakwabo besilisa abamhlophe.

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, u-Young waphikelela futhi waba negalelo elikhulu emkhakheni wesayensi. Ifa lakhe lisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kokuhlukahluka kanye nokubandakanywa kwesayensi kanye nesidingo sokubhekana nezithiyo abesifazane abanombala obhekene nazo kulo mkhakha.

Ukuqashelwa Nemiklomelo Kwamukelwe

U-Young uthole imiklomelo eminingi kanye nokuhlonishwa kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-1924, waklonyeliswa ngenhlanganyelo ehlonishwayo evela ku-Rosenwald Fund, okwamvumela ukuba aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania. Uphinde wathola umfundaze kuNational Association of Colored Women ngo-1926.

Ngo-1930, u-Young waklonyeliswa ngoxhaso lwe-Research Corporation, olwamvumela ukuba enze ucwaningo nge-physiology yezilwane zasolwandle. Ubuye abe yilungu lezinhlangano zesayensi ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ne-American Association for the Advancement of Science kanye ne-American Society of Zoologists.

Ithonya Kwizizukulwane Ezizayo

Ifa le-Young liyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza izizukulwane ezizayo zososayensi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane bemibala. Ukuphikelela kwakhe naphezu kobunzima kanye nomsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko emkhakheni wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kunikeza ugqozi kubo bonke abafisa ukuphishekela umsebenzi wesayensi.

Ifa lika-Young liphinde lisebenze njengesikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kokuhlukahluka kanye nokubandakanywa kwesayensi, kanye nesidingo sokubhekana nezithiyo abesifazane abanombala obhekene nazo kulo mkhakha.

Ukukhumbula uRoger Arliner Young

U-Roger Arliner Young washona ngoNovemba 9, 1964, eneminyaka engu-65. Naphezu kwezinselele abhekana nazo kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, u-Young wenza igalelo elibalulekile emkhakheni wesayensi futhi ifa lakhe liyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza izizukulwane ezizayo.

Kufanele sikhumbule futhi sigubhe impilo nomsebenzi ka-Roger Arliner Young, futhi siqhubeke nokusebenzela emkhakheni wesayensi obandakanya wonke umuntu futhi ohlukahlukene. Ukubekezela kwakhe naphezu kobunzima kuwubufakazi bamandla okuzimisela kanye nokubaluleka kokuphishekela izifiso zomuntu.