UMary Allen
Umqondo oyinhloko wenja umuzwa wokuhogela. Kuvame ukuthiwa inzwa yokuhogela inja idlula eyabantu. Kodwa ingabe kuyiqiniso ngempela?
Ikhala layo licishe linamathele phansi, inja ihlola umhlaba ngendlela yayo, ngomuzwa wayo wokuhogela. Ikhala elimangalisayo lenja lithatha ingxenye enkulu yalo lonke ulwazi oluvela ngaphandle. Ngokuqeqeshwa, izinja zingafunda ukugxila ngokukhethekile ephunga elilodwa, eliwumthombo ongakholeki kithi bantu lapho, ngokwesibonelo, zizingela futhi zicinga izidakamizwa.
Nansi Indlela Ikhala Esebenza Ngayo
Ikhala lenja elikhule kahle linemisebenzi eminingi emangalisayo yezinto eziphilayo. Indawo emanzi yekhala isiza ukuqoqa nokuncibilikisa izinhlayiya zephunga futhi inja ingasebenzisa ikhala ngalinye ukuze ihlukanise kalula umthombo wephunga. Izinja ziphefumula ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngemigudu yomoya emibili ehlukene, lokhu kusho ukuthi inja iyakwazi ukuligcina iphunga ngisho nalapho ikhipha umoya, ngokungafani nakithi bantu lapho iphunga liyanyamalala size siphefumule futhi.
Ngaphakathi ekhaleni lenja kunemigodi emibili ehlukaniswe uqwanga. Emigodini, kukhona okuthiwa izimbaza, okuyizakhiwo ezinjenge-labyrinth ezihlanganisa amathambo ambozwe ngamafinyila. Amafinyila angaphakathi ekhaleni enza umsebenzi ofanayo noswakeme ngaphandle. Ukusuka ezimbazeni zamakhala, amakha ahanjiswa ohlelweni lokuhogela.
Uhlelo lokuhogela luyisikhungo sephunga lenja, lapho kunama-receptors ephunga afinyelela ku-220-300 million. Ama-receptors abe esedlulisela ukwaziswa engxenyeni yobuchopho benja, ephindwe izikhathi ezine kobuntu.
Umuzwa omubi womuntu wokuhogela, inganekwane osekunesikhathi ikhona
Ngokuvamile kuthiwa umuzwa wenja wokuhogela ungcono izikhathi ezingu-10,000-1,100,000 kunowabantu. Kodwa umcwaningi wobuchopho uJohn McGann ukholelwa ukuthi inzwa yenja yokuhogela ayiphakeme neze kunomuzwa womuntu wokuhogela. Ocwaningweni (https://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6338/eaam7263) olushicilelwe kujenali ethi Science (https://science.sciencemag.org/) ngoMeyi 2017, uMcGann uthi umqondo omubi wabantu Ukuhogela kumane kuyinganekwane esinesikhathi eside ikhona kusukela ekhulwini lama-20.
“Lapho inzwa yokuhogela yabantu nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo isiqhathaniswe ezifundweni, imiphumela iye ihluke ngokusobala kuye ngokuthi iziphi iphunga elikhethiwe. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi izilwane ezahlukene zinephunga elihlukile le-receptors. Ocwaningweni lapho kuye kwasetshenziswa inani lephunga elimnandi elifanelekile, abantu benze kangcono ngamakha athile kunamagundane nezinja zaselabhorethri, kodwa futhi benza kabi kakhulu kwabanye. Njengezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, abantu bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa amanani amangalisayo amakha ahlukene futhi singalandela imikhondo yephunga ngaphandle. ”
Ilungiselwe ukusinda
Abantu bangcono kunezinja uma kukhulunywa ngephunga elibangelwa ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo, njengephunga lensimu, amanzi amile, noma ukudla okubolile noma okubolile. Ezifana ngazo ukuthi ziqukethe into ebizwa ngokuthi i-geosmin futhi zonke zingaba yingozi kithi.
“Uma uthela iconsi elilodwa le-geosmin echibini elivamile lokubhukuda, umuntu uyalihogela. Lapho singcono kunenja ”, kusho uJohan Lundström oyisazi sezinzwa kanye nomcwaningi wephunga eKarolinska Institutet eStockholm.
Ukuphikelela nokugxilile
Kodwa-ke, inja ngokungangabazeki ingcono ekuhlukaniseni futhi ngokuqhubekayo igxile emakhakheni athile futhi ingcono nasekucosheni iphunga elingaxhumene nokuphila kwalolu hlobo. Ukusetshenziswa kwekhala lenja kuningi, kusukela ekulandeleni izigebengu, ukuthola izidakamizwa neziqhumane ukuya ekukhaleni i-alamu ngaphambi nje kokuhlasela kwe-apula.
Ngokuzijwayeza ukulandelela igeyimu, ukusesha i-chanterelle, noma umsebenzi wekhala, ungashukumisa ingqondo yenja yakho ebaluleke kakhulu futhi uthole inja ejabule kakhudlwana. Mhlawumbe ungathatha ithuba futhi uhlole umuzwa wakho wokuhogela ngesikhathi esifanayo?