UMary Allen
Bukhula kanjani ubuntu benja? Futhi ingabe izici zakhe zobuntu zinikezwe ingunaphakade? Kuchaza uchwepheshe.
Ngokwesimo, izinja kufanele zilingane nomnikazi wazo noma umsebenzi wazo ngokuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka. Isizathu esanele sokuthi isayensi ibukisise ubuntu benja. Ikakhulukazi ukuqhubeka okwenza umqondo womlingiswa. “Ubuntu buphumela ekuhlukeni kokuziphatha komuntu ngamunye okuzinzile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nasezimweni ezihlukene,” kuchaza isazi sebhayoloji yokuziphatha uStefanie Riemer ovela e-Vetsuisse Faculty eNyuvesi yaseBern. Izici ezingabalwa phakathi kwezici zobuntu ziningi. Ubungane, ukudlala, ukungesabi, ulaka, ukuqeqesheka, nokuziphatha komphakathi kuphambili. Ukubekezelela ukukhungatheka nakho kungenye yezici zobuntu, njengoba uRiemer abonisa emsebenzini wakhe.
Ngakho-ke, izizathu zokuvela kwalezi zici zomlingiswa azikho ngaphansi kweziningi. Njengakubantu, izakhi zofuzo, imvelo, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kuthonya isimilo sabangane bethu abanemilenze emine. Ngokuka-Riemer, ukuhluka okuhlobene nohlobo lokuziphatha ikakhulukazi kuwufuzo. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, usosayensi uyabekela eceleni: “Nokho, asinakubikezela izici zomlingiswa ezisekelwe emncintiswaneni.” Akwenzeki ukunquma umlingiswa ukusuka emncintiswaneni, noma ukusuka kumlingiswa kuye kolunye uhlanga. “Nakuba izici ezithile zivezwa kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso ezinhlotsheni ezithile kunezinye, inja ngayinye ingumuntu oyedwa,” kuchaza uRiemer.
Izakhi zofuzo ziholela kuphela esimweni esithile - inkulumo enqunywa kakhulu yizici zemvelo. URiemer uthi: “Isikhathi nokuthi yiziphi izakhi zofuzo ezivulwa noma zicishwe kuxhomeke, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngamunye noma ngisho nezimo zokuphila zokhokho,” kusho uRiemer. Yilokhu isayensi esencane ye-epigenetics ebhekana nakho, okubonisa ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho nakho kungazuzwa njengefa.
Umama Onakekelayo Wayefuna
Ukwesaba nokucindezeleka ikakhulukazi kubonakala kuyizici ezibalulekile, okuthi, ngokwesazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ziguqule ngisho nobuchopho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ku-trimester yesibili yokukhulelwa, isigaba esibaluleke kakhulu sokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho. Uma umama ebhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu kuleli qophelo, ngokuvamile lokhu kubangela umuzwa okhulayo wokucindezeleka enzalweni yakhe.” Esinye sezizathu ezenza imidlwane eminingi yenja yasemgwaqweni isolise abantu. Abangane abanemilenze emine bayithole “embelekweni”, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Ngokombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, lokhu kwenza umqondo ophelele: inzalo ilungiselelwe kahle indawo engase ikhulele kuyo.
Imithelela yangemva kokubeletha nayo ibalulekile. Izilwane ezingumama ezinakekelayo, ezinakekela futhi zikhothe izilwane zazo ezincane kakhulu, ngokuvamile zinenzalo ekwazi ukumelana nokucindezeleka kunomama abanganaki. “Iqiniso lokuthi kulokhu ukunakekelwa komama - hhayi izici zofuzo - kuyisinqumo esibalulekile laziwa ocwaningweni lapho abafana kamama abanakekelayo nabanganaki bashintshwa futhi bakhuliswa ngumama wangaphandle," kuchaza uRiemer.
Kodwa-ke, okuhlangenwe nakho kwakamuva phakathi nesigaba sokuhlalisana kunomthelela onamandla kumlingiswa wenja ukuze izici zokuziphatha zomuntu ngamunye zingakwazi ukubikezelwa lapho eneminyaka engamaviki ambalwa. Ngakho-ke, usosayensi ucabanga kancane ngokuhlolwa kobuntu kulesi sikhathi, njengokuthi "ukuhlolwa komdlwane". "Lesi isifinyezo ngosuku olulodwa." Ocwaningweni lwabo, isici esisodwa kuphela esingabikezelwa emasontweni ayisithupha ubudala. "Imidlwane ekhombisa ukuziphatha okuningi kokuhlola iqhubekile nokwenza kanjalo njengabantu abadala."
Akulona Iphutha Lenkosi Njalo
Isazi sebhayoloji yokuziphatha siyazi ngocwaningo lwaso ukuthi umlingisi usevele ethatha izici ezinzile eneminyaka eyizinyanga eziyisithupha. “Ngisho noma ubuntu bushintsha kancane ngokuya ngeminyaka, izici zokuziphatha zihlala zizinzile uma ziqhathaniswa nontanga yabo,” kusho uRiemer. "Izinja ezikhathazeke kakhulu kunoontanga bazo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zisawubonisa lo mkhuba ezinyangeni ezingu-18." Ngokunjalo, imidlwane extroverted of the age efanayo futhi uthanda ukuba nabanye abantu. Kuncike ekutheni imvelo ihlala izinzile. Noma kunjalo, okuhlangenwe nakho okunamandla kungaholela ekushintsheni kobuntu ngisho nangesikhathi esizayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanikazi bezinja kanye ne-conspecifics nabo badlala indima. Zombili zithonya ubuntu benja ngokuziphatha kwayo ngakunye. Umcwaningi waseHungary u-Borbála Turcsán wabonisa indlela ezinye izinja ekhaya ezisiza ngayo ekulolongeni abalingiswa bezinja ezikanye nazo: Izinja zazigcinwa ngayinye zifana nomnikazi wazo ngobuntu, kuyilapho izinja ezihlala ezindlini ezinezinja eziningi zazihambisana.
Olunye ucwaningo lwaseHungary luka-Anna Kis lwathola ukuthi abanikazi be-neurotic banikeza izilwane zabo imiyalo kaningi kunabanye lapho beqeqesha izinja. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanikazi bezinja abahlukunyeziwe baphana kakhulu ngokudumisa ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa. Nokho, uStefanie Riemer uxwayisa ngokufinyelela iziphetho ngokushesha: “Akulona iphutha ngaso sonke isikhathi kwenye ingxenye yomugqa.” Usosayensi uhlobanisa ukuthi kuyinhlanganisela yezinto ezimbalwa ezidlala indima ekuveleni kwezimpawu zomlingiswa ezingathandeki. “Noma kunjalo, singathonya ubuntu benja yethu ngezinga elithile,” kusho uRiemer. Uncoma ukugqugquzela ithemba ikakhulukazi ezinjeni. Kuyafana nakithi bantu: Uma inja iba nakho okuhle ngokwengeziwe ngokuzimela ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kulapho ibheka khona ithemba ngekusasa.