UMary Allen
Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlamvu ezinjeni kungashintsha impilo. Ukuthi indlela eqhubekayo iphetha ngokuhlanganiswa komphakathi emndenini, endlini yezilwane, noma ngomjovo kuhlala kuncike kumphumela wokuhlolwa kwezinhlamvu. EJalimane, imithetho iyahlukahluka kuye ngezwe likahulumeni. Uma inja ibambe iqhaza ekuhlaselweni okulumayo, ngokuvamile kufanele iye ekuhlolweni komlingiswa. Akukhathalekile ukuthi inja ibizilwela nje nenja eshajayo - okungaba ukuziphatha kwayo okungokwemvelo okuqondwa kahle. Umphumela walolo vivinyo uyonquma ukuthi ukuphila kwakhe kwesikhathi esizayo kuyoba nemibandela yini. Isibonelo, isidingo sokubopha umlomo noma intambo, isibopho sokuthintana nomqeqeshi wezinja, noma inhlawulo yezingcweti noma amakhosikazi angacatshangwa.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlamvu kanye Nohlu Lwezinja
Kusukela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi- attack dog hysteria ngo-2000, izinja sezibulewe ngobuningi, njengoba kwenzeka eHamburg. Ngoba nje babelwe uhlanga oluthile. Abazange babonise ukuziphatha ababekufisa ezivivinyweni zobuntu. Labo sosopolitiki abakhombise ukuyekelela ikakhulukazi abanikazi bezinja esezigqame kakhulu baziveze njengababukhali kakhulu. Unya oluvame ukuboniswa ezinjeni ngeshwa luhlotshaniswa nokubheka phezulu odabeni. Yimaphi amakhono obuchwepheshe angemuva kohlu lwezinja, izimfuneko zokufuya, noma ukuhlolwa kobuntu?
Izimfihlo Zokubhebhana
Okokuqala, ake sibheke izinhlu zamagundane ezikhona cishe kuzo zonke izifundazwe nezifunda zaseJalimane, e-Austria naseSwitzerland. Sibona inqwaba yezinja ezingavamile kakhulu. Nge-"Germanic Bear Dog", "uhlobo lwenja" ithole ukuqashelwa okusemthethweni okungazange kubonwe inoma iyiphi inhlangano yezinja. Izinhlobo zezinja ezikhona ngempela, ezihola izibalo zezigameko zokuluma ngomkhawulo omkhulu, aziveli nhlobo.
Yiqiniso, i-German Shepherd nayo iwuhlobo lwezinja oludume kakhulu. Kodwa yiziphi izimpikiswano angaziphumi ngisho nazo lapha, kuyilapho izinja zizalanisa njenge-mastiff - ukubala nje isibonelo esisodwa - lapho kungekho nesisodwa isigameko sokuluma esiqoshwe ngokusemthethweni kusukela ngo-1949 - sivela njalo? Ukube bekuwumbuzo wokuvama kwezigameko zokuluma ezirekhodiwe, izinhlobonhlobo bekufanele zibe phezulu ohlwini ngalunye lwezomthetho.
Kudingeka Ubuchule
Ukuze ungaqondwa kabi! Ngokubona kwami, alukho uhlobo olulodwa lwenja okufanele lube ohlwini olunjalo. Iyiphi ikhomishini yongoti edwebe lezi zinhlu, enegunya lomthetho? Kunjalo, awekho amakhomishana ochwepheshe anjalo. Ochwepheshe bangempela, ngisho nemibono egcwele yobudokotela, njengaleyo yase-University of Veterinary Medicine e-Hanover, baye baveza kaningi ukuthi izigaba ezinjalo ngokusho kwezinhlobo azikho isizathu sobuchwepheshe.
Alukho uhlobo olulodwa lwenja olunolaka ngokwemvelo, ikakhulukazi hhayi kubantu! Kodwa ungenza noma iyiphi inja ibe nolaka.
Awukho Uthembekile Njengokuphonsa Uhlamvu Lwemali?
Ezivivinyweni zomlingisi, akubukeki kangcono kakhulu nekhono lobuchwepheshe. Le nkinga bekuyisihloko esibalulekile engqungqutheleni yokuqala yezinja echwepheshile yaseNyakatho Melika ngakwazi ukuya khona nokukhuluma kuyo. ICanine Science Conference yahlelwa yi-Arizona State University eTempe (Phoenix).
Ukuhlolwa kobuntu ezindaweni zokukhosela izilwane akuthembeki njengokuphonsa uhlamvu lwemali, ngakho-ke izihloko zezindaba eyodwa kweziyishumi nambili noma ngaphezulu ngesihloko. U-Janis Bradley, umqondisi we-"National Canine Research Council", kanye nethimba lakhe babheka kabanzi ukuhlolwa kwezinhlamvu ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokukhosela izilwane zase-US. Ingxenye ngayinye yokuhlolwa yahlolwa ithiyori kanye neyokwenza. Ikakhulukazi, izindlela ezivamile eJalimane zokuvusela izinja ekuziphatheni okunolaka, njengokusebenzisa induku, ukugqolozela, umlilo, ukuvula isambulela, njll., zabonakala ziyize, zaze zadukisa. Imiphumela yezibalo evela ekusebenzeni iphinda ifakazele ukungabi nalusizo kwezindlela zokuhlola zanamuhla.
Imiphumela Eyingozi Yokuhlolwa Kwezinhlamvu
Kufanele wazi ukuthi ezindaweni eziningi zokukhosela zezilwane zase-US, ezivame ukuqhutshwa “inhlangano yokuvikela izilwane” esebenza e-Germany, lokhu kuhlola kufaka izinja njengezingamukeleka noma ukuzikhulula ngokushesha. Umphumela uba yingozi kuzo zonke izici. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinja ezingafaneleki zingase zingene emndenini onabantwana, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinja eziphile kahle ngokwengqondo nangokwenyama zingase zikhishwe.
Lokhu kubonakala futhi emazingeni okubuya, njengoba kuye kwenziwa ezifundweni ezihlukahlukene. Uprofesa wezengqondo nochwepheshe bezinja u-Clive Wynne, ojwayelene kakhulu nezinqubo zokuhlolwa kwengqondo yabantu, uqinisekise izingibe zokuhlolwa kwezinhlamvu zanamuhla - wazibiza ngokuthi izingibe - ngokombono wendlela yokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa komlingiswa wezinja akunasisekelo sesayensi. Awukho umzamo owenziwe wokuhlola imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngaleyo ndlela nokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwazo kwangempela. UWynne uhlongoze ukwenza izivivinyo ezintsha ezinokuqina kwesayensi okufanayo osekunesikhathi eside kusetshenziswa kubantu.
Ukuqeqeshwa Okukhethekile ku-Cynology
Ngisho nokuhlolwa kobuntu bezinja okujwayelekile eJalimane mancane amathuba okuthi kungamelana nokuhlolwa kochwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo asicacile ngokuphelele. Ukuhlola okunjalo kuvame ukwenziwa ngochwepheshe bangempela noma abacatshangelwayo abangenazo iziqu ezitholakalayo ezigunyazwe iziphathimandla zendawo ezilawulayo. Futhi kufanele zivelephi “iziqu ezikhona”? Emazweni akhuluma isiJalimane, kunezifundo zokuqeqesha kuphela noma izifundo ezinikezwa abantu abazimele noma izinhlangano. Ikhono labo langempela lobungcweti lingaba lihle, kodwa alikho ngaphansi kwanoma yikuphi ukulawulwa kwesayensi noma obala - “njengokuphenyisisa uhlamvu lwemali”. I-University of Veterinary Medicine kuphela e-Vienna ehlinzeka ngesifundo sokuqeqesha sikahulumeni ku-“Applied Cynology”. I-Cynology isho isifundo sezinja. Ngemuva kwama-semesters amane, isihloko esithi "i-cynologist eqinisekisiwe ngokwezemfundo" siyanikezwa.
Vuselela Ucwaningo Lwezinja eJalimane
Ngezindlela ezinjalo ezinikeza ithemba, asikabi nakho ukuhlolwa kobuntu okunesisekelo esihle. EJalimane, asikho ngisho nesihlalo noma isikhungo sasenyuvesi se-cynology noma ucwaningo lwenja. Ngeshwa, i-Max Plank Institute e-Leipzig, eyayingumholi okwesikhashana kulo mkhakha, yaqeda izifundo zayo ngokuziphatha kwezinja ngo-2013. Isiphetho esifanayo sehlela ucwaningo lwenja eNyuvesi yaseKiel. Mayelana nenhlalakahle yezilwane, kungenza umqondo omkhulu ukuthuthukisa nokwandisa ubuchwepheshe bethu emkhakheni we-cynology. Umgomo owodwa kungaba ukuqonda kangcono ukuziphatha kwezinja zethu. Futhi ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokuhlola ezinokwethenjelwa. Ngale ndlela, izinja eziphuma ezindaweni zokukhosela izilwane zingabekwa kangcono ezindaweni ezifanele, futhi izinja “ezazigqamayo” zingagwenywa ekuxilongweni okungabazisayo ngokuhlolwa kwezinhlamvu zanamuhla. Lokho kuzosetshenziswa enhlalakahleni yezilwane. Izinja zethu bezifanelwe ukunakekelwa nokunakwa okwengeziwe.