UMary Allen
Izinyoka ziyizilwane ezihuquzelayo. Unesikhumba esomile esinamazenga. Zihlala emhlabeni kanye nasemanzini futhi zitholakala emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kwe-Arctic ne-Antarctic noma enyakatho ekude. Lapho kubanda khona, ziyalala.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-3,600 ezihlukene zezinyoka. Isibonelo, zingahlukaniswa kuye ngokuthi zinobuthi noma cha. Izinyoka nazo zingahluka ngosayizi. Esikhathini esedlule omunye wabuye wakhuluma ngezinyoka ezinkulu. Nokho, namuhla siyazi ukuthi azihlobene nhlobo, kodwa zinkulu kakhulu.
Izinyoka zinegazi elibandayo, okusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo liyashintshashintsha kuye ngezinga lokushisa langaphandle. Lapho kubanda, ziyalala futhi azikwazi nokunyakaza. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoka zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, e-Asia naseMelika. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zezinyoka eCentral Europe. Izikelemu nazo zibukeka njengezinyoka, kodwa azizona izinyoka.
Izinyoka ziyingozi kodwa futhi zinamandla. Yingakho bebelokhu bewuphawu lwezinto ezahlukene kuwo wonke umlando. EGibhithe lasendulo, kwakukhona unkulunkulukazi oyinyoka. EBhayibhelini, inyoka yayenga u-Adamu no-Eva, ngakho kwadingeka balishiye ipharadesi. ENdiya, inyoka yadlala indima ebalulekile ekudalweni komhlaba. E-China, inyoka yayiwuphawu lobuqili, kodwa futhi nokukhohlisa. Inyoka yoThingo lwase-Aboriginal igada imvelo, ikakhulukazi amanzi.
Unjani umzimba wenyoka?
Nokho, ngokungafani nezibankwa nezingwenya, izinyoka zinemilenze futhi ziyashibilika eziswini zazo. Uhlaka lwamathambo abo lunamathambo ambalwa kuphela ahlukene: ugebhezi olunomhlathi ongenhla, umhlathi ongezansi, ama-vertebrae angama-200 kuya kwangaphezu kuka-400, kanye nezimbambo. Kunezinsalela ezincane kuphela ze-pelvis, awekho nhlobo amahlombe.
Izinyoka ziphefumula ngephaphu elilodwa futhi zinesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi. Nokho, ilula kancane kunezilwane ezincelisayo. Isikhumba asikhuli nayo. Ngakho izinyoka kufanele zikhiphe isikhumba sazo ngezikhathi ezithile. Kwesinye isikhathi kubuye kuthiwe: “Uphuma esikhunjeni sakho”. Izikhumba zenyoka ezomile zingatholakala ngezikhathi ezithile.
Wonke amazinyo abheke emuva ukuze inyoka ikwazi ukugwinya isisulu sayo sibe yisiqephu esisodwa. Ayinawo amazinyo afana nomsila wethu wokuchoboza ukudla. Izinyoka ezinobuthi zinamazinyo amabili anomzila lapho zingafaka khona ubuthi esizimbeni sazo. Izinyoka eziningi zinamazinja ngaphambili emihlathini, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi phakathi.
Izinyoka zikwazi ukunuka kahle ngamakhala azo futhi zinambitha kahle ngolimi lwazo ukuze zithole isisulu sazo. Kodwa awuboni kahle. Ukuzwa kwabo kubi nakakhulu. Kodwa bangazizwa kahle kakhulu lapho umhlabathi unyakaza. Khona-ke ngokuvamile babalekela endaweni yokucasha. Ngakho uma uvele ume phambi kwenyoka emvelweni, akufanele uyithethise, kodwa unyathele phansi izinyawo zakho ukuze inyoka ibaleke.
Izinyoka zizingela futhi zidle kanjani?
Zonke izinyoka ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye futhi zidla ezinye izilwane noma amaqanda azo. Izinyoka eziningi ziqamekela inyamazane ukuze zisondele. Bese bedlulela phambili ngesivinini sombani futhi balume isisulu sabo. Izinyoka ezinobuthi zizokhulula futhi zilandele inyamazane yazo njengoba ikhathala futhi ekugcineni ife. Ama-Constrictor wona abamba umzimba wesilwane esizingelayo bese sikhama kakhulu size siminyanise umoya siquleke. Ezinye izinyoka zigwinya inyamazane yazo ziphila.
Izinyoka ezincane zizingela izinambuzane. Izinyoka ezinosayizi omaphakathi zidla amagundane noma onogwaja, kanye namaxoxo, izinyoni, nezinyoka ezincane. Kodwa zibuye zidle amaqanda. Izinyoka ezinkulu zize zizingela izingulube zasendle kanye nezilwane ezinkulu ngokufanayo, ngaphandle kwalokho, zisencane.
Zonke izinyoka zigwinya inyamazane yazo iphelele. Bangakwazi ukukhipha umhlathi wabo ongezansi futhi bagwinye izilwane ezinkulu kunabo. Ngemva kwalokho, bavame ukuhlala amasonto bengadlile.
Zizala kanjani izinyoka?
Ezindaweni ezishisayo, izinyoka zihlangana ngesikhathi esithile onyakeni. Ezindaweni ezibandayo bakwenza ngemva kokulala, ngakho entwasahlobo. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho abesilisa bebheka owesifazane, ngoba uma kungenjalo, baphila njengababodwa. Ama-Viper abesilisa athanda ukulwa ngenxa yensikazi, amanye abesilisa bavame ukugwemana.
Abesilisa banento efana nepipi elincane elibizwa ngokuthi “i-hemipenis”. Ngalokhu, iletha ama-sperm cells ayo emzimbeni wesifazane. Phakathi kwamaqanda amabili nangama-60 abe esekhula esiswini sensikazi, okuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwenyoka ngayinye.
Izinyoka eziningi zizalela amaqanda azo endaweni evikelekile. Zimbalwa kakhulu izinhlobo zezinyoka ezifudumalayo noma ezivikela amaqanda azo. Ikakhulukazi zishiywa zizenzela zona. Ngisho nangemva kokuchanyuselwa, amaphuphu awanakekelwa abazali bawo.
I-adder, isibonelo, ihlukile. Uhlala ezindaweni ezibandayo futhi ugcina amaqanda akhe esiswini sakhe. Lapho, ziyachamisela futhi zizalwa ziyizinyoka ezibunjwe ngokuphelele.
Yiziphi izinyoka ezihlala nathi?
I-adder enobuthi ihlala ezingxenyeni zaseSwitzerland, eJalimane nase-Austria. Inyoka ye-asp nayo inobuthi. Kodwa-ke, zikhona kuphela e-Black Forest, entshonalanga yeSwitzerland, nasezindaweni ezimbalwa entshonalanga ye-Austria.
Okuvame kakhulu izinyoka ezingenabuthi. Sinenyoka ebushelelezi, inyoka ye-Aesculapian, inyoka edayisi, futhi eyaziwa kakhulu, inyoka yotshani. Ezindaweni ezimbalwa kakhulu eSwitzerland, usengakwazi ukuhlangana nenyoka yenyoka.
Yiziphi izinyoka ezinkulu?
Okokuqala: kunzima kakhulu ukuthola inyoka enkulu kunazo zonke. Ungakala ubude noma ukale isisindo. Nivame ukwakha kokubili ndawonye, okuyinto enzima kakhulu.
Kuphinde kuncike ekutheni uqhathanisa izinyoka ezinde noma ezinzima oke wazithola. Lokho kungaba “njengombambi werekhodi” wohlobo ngalunye. Kodwa ungakwazi futhi ukuqhathanisa inani elimaphakathi. Ukwenza lokhu, ukala inombolo ethile yezinyoka ezitholakale ngokungahleliwe bese ukhetha ephakathi.
Khona-ke kufanele futhi ucabangele ukuthi inyoka kufanele isaphila na namuhla noma ukuthi isivele yashabalala futhi ulinganisa i-petrifaction kuphela. Imiphumela ihluke kakhulu. Esigabeni esilandelayo, wonke umuntu angakwazi ukwenza isiqhathaniso ngokwakhe.
Imindeni yama- boas kanye ne- python ihlobene yodwa, njengemindeni yenyoka nenyoka.
Isibonelo, "inhlwathi enkulu" evela eNingizimu Melika ingeyomndeni wama-boas. Uyi-constrictor. Ngokwesilinganiso, ikhula ibe amamitha angu-4 ubude futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-30. Nokho, ezinye kuthiwa zifinyelela kumamitha angu-9 ubude futhi zinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-200. Insalela eyodwa, i-Titanoboa, yayingamamitha angu-13 ubude. Inyoka yonke ilinganiselwa ukuthi inesisindo esingaphezudlwana kuka-1,000 XNUMX kilograms.
Izinhlwathi zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika nase-Asia. Futhi bangabaqinisi. I-python ye-reticulated evela e-Asia ingenye enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo. Ezisikazi zingakhula zibe amamitha ayisi-6 ubude futhi zibe nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-75. Abesilisa bahlala bebafushane futhi belula. Ngokuhlukile, inhlwathi ehlanganisiwe kufanele ikhule ngamamitha ayi-10 ubude.
Izingwenya azinabo ubuthi futhi zigwinya inyamazane yazo ziphila. Kunezinhlobo ezingu-1,700 zazo, ezinye zazo nalapha. Eyaziwa kakhulu inyoka yotshani. Aziwa kakhulu kulo mndeni ama-rattlesnake aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika.
Amabululu aseduze namabululu. Zinobuthi. Igama elidala elisho “inyoka” lithi “otter”. Yingakho nathi sinalo i-adder. Kodwa akufanele uwadide, isibonelo ne-otter. Kuyi-marten ngakho-ke iyisilwane esincelisayo.