UMary Allen
Uma kukhulunywa ngeminenke yamanzi, umuntu uhlangana nezinkambu ezimbili: Abasekeli baqinisekile ukuthi iminenke ilungele ukulwa nolwelwe. Nokho, abagxeki besaba izitshalo zabo zasechibini. Ungathola lapha izinzuzo nezingozi zeminenke yamanzi.
Ulwazi Olujwayelekile Ngeminenke
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-95,000 zeminenke futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 kuphela ezihlala emanzini ahlanzekile; iminenke ehlala echibini iphinde yehliswe ibe yizinhlobo eziyi-10. Ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezingu-10 ngezinye izikhathi akulula kangako, ngisho nakochwepheshe, njengoba ukwakheka kwezindlu kwezinye izinhlobo kubonakala kuhluka kuye ngendawo.
Nakuba iminenke yasemhlabeni iyingozi ezitshalweni zasengadini, iminenke yamanzi inezici ezinhle: Ichitha isitshalo esifile. Izitshalo ezinempilo zikhululeka ekukhuleni kwe-algae ngokweqile futhi udaka oluyisisekelo nalo luyahlanzwa ezingxenyeni zesitshalo.
Ngale ndlela, usiza ukugcina ibhalansi yemvelo echibini. Iminenke eminingi idla ngisho nenyama efile futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele amanzi ukuba angagxunyelwa izinhlanzi ezifile noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezincane.
Yonke iminenke ehlala echibini lasengadini ingama-hermaphrodite, okusho ukuthi inezindlala ezikhiqiza amaqanda futhi ikhiqiza isidoda ngesikhathi esisodwa: Lapho ikhwelana, iminenke emibili ishintshanisa isidoda sayo futhi eyensikazi kamuva izalela amaqanda emaqabunga neziqu zezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
Iminenke Echibini Lengadi
Izinhlobo zomdabu kuphela zomnenke okufanele zisetshenziswe emachibini asengadini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingakwazi ukubhekana namazinga okushisa endawo, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile ziyingozi enkulu: Uma ziphuma echibini, kunengozi yokuthi zizosusa izinhlobo zemvelo futhi lonke uhlelo lwasekhaya lwezinto eziphilayo luzophuma. bhidlika. Ngokuvamile, iminenke ingase ingathathwa emvelweni, kodwa ingathengwa ezitolo zochwepheshe ezigcwele kahle.
Inkinga evamile ukuthi iminenke yamanzi ivamise ukusebenza njengabasingathi abaphakathi kwama-trematode: Lawa ama-flatworms angama-parasite ongafuni ukuba nawo echibini lakho. Uma ungabaza, kufanele uqale ngokuvalela iminenke oyithengile izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngokuvamile umuntu ufika eminenke echibini ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngoba ukuzala komnenke kuvame ukunamathela ezitshalweni zasemanzini noma kwethulwa izinyoni zasemanzini.
Ngokudla okwanele kanye nezimo ezinhle zemvelo, ezinye izinhlobo zeminenke zingaphindaphindeka kakhulu. Ekugcineni lapho kunolwelwe oluncane kakhulu kuyo yonke iminenke, kungenzeka ukuthi ihlasele izitshalo zakho zasechibini: Kufanele ungenelele lapha. Kuphakathi kokuthi uyazidoba noma uzigcina kude nezitshalo ngokuphakelayo okwengeziwe. Nokho, kulesi simo, iminenke iphindaphindeka nakakhulu futhi ungena embuthanweni ononya. Amasha, isibonelo, angasiza lapha ngokudla ukudla komnenke. Nokho, uma unolwelwe oluningi, kufanele nje uvumele iminenke ikwenze.
Umnenke Wechibi
Umnenke we-marsh ukhula ufinyelele ku-5cm futhi ungomunye wezinhlobo ezinkulu zeminenke yendabuko. Inesivalo esingaguquki ekwazi ukuvala ngaso igobolondo lomnenke liqine. Iwukuphela kwezinhlobo zomnenke e-Central Europe ezingaphinda zihlunge ulwelwe oluntantayo kanye ne-plankton emanzini. Lokhu kunikeza indima ekhethekile ekulweni ne-algae. Uma kunolwelwe olwanele emanzini, ushiya izitshalo zasemanzini ngakwesobunxele, futhi ngisho noma ulwelwe luncipha, uncamela ukuklaba amatshe phansi amahora amaningi. Ayivami ukubonakala njengoba iningi layo liphansi. Iphinde iphefumule ngama-gill, ngakho-ke ayinasizathu sokuza phezulu. Njengeminenke eminingi yendabuko, iqinile futhi iphila odakeni olungaphansi.
Uzala iminenke eqeqeshwe ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke abukho ubungozi bokuthi inzalo idliwe ezinye izilwane. Phela, sekuphinde kube ukuphela kwezinhlobo zeminenke YeYurophu Ephakathi okuyi-viviparous (“Viviparidae”). Amancane azalwa enobukhulu obungafika kusentimitha ukuze angasafaneleki njengokudla kwezinhlanzi ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela yokubeletha ayiholeli ekwandeni kwabantu ngokushesha njengoba kwenzeka kancane kakhulu kune-oviposition. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzala kuvumelana nokutholakala kokudla; Ngakho-ke, iwumnenke ofanelekile wechibi lasengadini.
Umnenke we-Ramshorn
Umnenke we-ramshorn uthandwa kakhulu ngoba umbala wawo obomvu kuya konsomi uyenza uhlobise kakhulu. Ngokungafani nomnenke onamaxhaphozi, lo mnenke uvame ukubonakala ngoba uphefumula ngamaphaphu futhi kufanele uze phezulu ukuze ubambe umoya. Lokhu kunenye inzuzo: iphila emachibini angenawo umoya-mpilo futhi angcolile futhi okungcono kakhulu emanzini anothe nge-calcium.
Ikhula ifike ku-4 cm ngosayizi ngakho-ke ingenye yeminenke emikhulu. Ngenxa yengaphandle layo eliyisicaba, livame ukubizwa ngokuthi umnenke. Iwukuphela kwezinhlobo zeminenke YeYurophu Ephakathi ene-hemoglobin egazini layo: le nto, abantu abanayo, isiza ukugcina umoya-mpilo kangcono.
Iwumnenke okwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngoba esimweni esiphuthumayo iyakwazi nokuphefumula ngamathumba awo. Ivamise ukusinda ebusika ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngoba ilala odakeni phansi.
Umnenke Wodaka
Umnenke ovamile wodaka nawo usuzivumelanise kahle nokuphila echibini lasengadini. Uphefumula futhi ngamaphaphu akhe ngakho-ke akanciphisi uma kuziwa endabeni yokuqukethwe komoyampilo emanzini; Futhi ayenzi izimfuno kwenye ikhwalithi yamanzi: ayinandaba ukuthi inani le-pH liyi-6.5 noma 9, isibonelo. Iphila ngisho nasemachibini angcoliswe kakhulu futhi anodaka.
Njengokuphefumula kwamaphaphu, ibonakala kaningi ngaphezulu, futhi inekhono elimangalisayo lokukhasa ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile, uthanda ukuhlala ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu zechibi, njengoba kuvame ukuba nokudla okwengeziwe kolwelwe olutholakala lapha. Akumele izikhathaze ngokuphepha kwayo ngoba ubukhulu bayo negobolondo layo eliqinile kwenza iphephe ngisho nasezinhlanzini ezinkulu.
Njengoba inobukhulu obungafika ku-7 cm, iwuhlobo lomnenke lwendabuko olukhulu kunazo zonke futhi ingenye ezalanayo ngokushesha. Imbewu yomnenke ibekwa ezitshalweni zasemanzini futhi ngemva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu amakhulu ezingane ezikhule ngokugcwele zichanyuselwa emaqandeni. Uma umnenke waseYurophu ungasakwazi ukuthola ulwelwe olwanele, uzohlasela izitshalo zasemanzini ngonya. Ngakho-ke, ukuzala kabusha ngokushesha kwalolu hlobo lomnenke kudala izinkinga esikhathini esithile. Kodwa ukuthemba ukukhethwa kwemvelo akuwona umqondo omuhle: Iqinile kakhulu futhi iyasinda kukho kokubili okokuqandisa kwamanzi kanye nokomiswa kwamanzi okwesikhashana. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa inani labantu bayo iwukuba nezilwane ezidla amaqanda, njengamanewts.