UMary Allen
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyacasula lapho bentshontsha isangweji lenhlanzi futhi, kodwa kubalulekile njengesithombe sesithombe: Ama-seagull ayingxenye yamabhishi njengesihlabathi namagagasi. Izinyoni zasogwini zibonakala zinezimo ezinhle zokuphila ogwini lwaseBaltic. Imfuyo yezinhlobo ezinhlanu kweziyisithupha ezizalela ogwini loLwandle iBaltic azinzile iminyaka, kusho inhloko ye-AG Coastal Bird Protection MV, uChristof Herrmann. Inani lamapheya azalanisa ama-gull anamakhanda amnyama emanzini asogwini olusempumalanga liye lenyuka kakhulu futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngo-2008 izazi zezinyoni zabala cishe izibili ezizalanisayo eziyizi-6,500 endaweni yase-Oderhaff kanye ne-Achterwassers, inani lokuzalanisa lapho njengamanje seliphindeke kabili lafinyelela kumapheya ayi-16,400. Izazi zezinyoni zilinganisela inani lokuzalanisa kulo lonke ugu lwaseBaltic lweMV ngamapheya ayi-17,000.
Cishe eminyakeni engu-40 edlule cishe amapheya angama-65,000 ama-black-headed gull ayehlala ogwini lwezwe. Izibalo zehle ngamaphesenti angama-75 kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, njengoba kusho uHerrmann. Ongoti basola ukuthi ukudla kwaba konakala kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Iqiniso lokuthi isibalo sokuzalanisa manje siyakhula futhi emakoloni abaluleke kakhulu echwebeni kufanele kubonakale njengomphumela wemvelo wokubuyisela, kusho uHerrmann. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukutholakala kokudla emanzini asechwebeni sekuthuthukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiqhingi saseRiether Werder besingenazo izimpungushe, ama-raccoon, nama-martens azingela amaqanda namatshwele iminyaka eminingi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-coloni ye-gull enamakhanda amnyama yakwazi ukuthuthuka lapha kusukela ngo-2006, eyafinyelela usayizi wamapheya azalanisayo angaba ngu-10,000 ngo-2017.
I-Herring Gulls Ihlala Iwumthombo Wezinkinga
Izazi zezinyoni zizingela izimpungushe nama-madder ezindaweni ezithile ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuzalanisa ukuze ama-seagull nama-tern avame ukuhlala nazo akwazi ukuzalanisa futhi akhulise izilwane ezincane ngendlela engakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga. “Njalo ngonyaka entwasahlobo kuzingelwa izilwane ezizingelayo eziqhingini ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuzalanisa njengeLangenwerder, Walfisch, Pagenwerder, Kirr, Böhmke, Werder kanye naseRiether Werder.” Iqiniso lokuthi - ngaphandle kwe-black-headed gull endaweni yase-Oderhaff - inani lama-gull alikhuli ngokuqhubekayo kuncike ekutholakaleni kokudla okulinganiselwe. “Ezolimo zishintshe kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi ambalwa edlule. Okusanhlamvu kwasehlobo nezimpande zezitshalo akusatshalwa. Ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa, ama-gull awatholi noma yiziphi izinambuzane noma izibungu emhlabathini okusanhlamvu kwasebusika kanye namasimu okudlwengula abusa namuhla. “Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nesikhathi se-GDR, azikho izindawo zokulahla udoti ezivulekile lapho ama-seagull noma ama-herring gull athola khona ukudla okwanele.
Ama-Herring gull abangela izinkinga ngokuphindaphindiwe ezindaweni ezihambela olwandle ngenxa yokuthi antshontsha amasemishi ezinhlanzi kwabafika eholidini futhi aphendla imigqomo kadoti. Isitoko sesizinzile cishe iminyaka eyi-15, kusho uHerrmann. Cishe amapheya angama-3000 kuya ku-3500 azalela kulo lonke ugu lwe-MV Baltic. Ikakhulukazi emakoloni ambalwa amakhulu njengasePagenwerder noma i-Barther Oie, kodwa futhi ehlakazekile ophahleni lwamadolobha asogwini. Ukuzingela bekungeke kube nemiphumela ngoba inani labantu livala ngokushesha izikhala. Izindawo zokungcebeleka zasolwandle ezithintekayo kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi ama-seagull awafakwanga esimweni se-fish roll claw, kusho uHerrmann. Izimpawu ezinjengokuthi “Akukho ukuphakelwa kwama-seagull” zingatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zokudoba ezweni.
Umzamo Omkhulu, Imiphumela Emincane
Ngokuphambene neminyaka yawo-1970 nama-80s, lapho inani lama-gull liqedwa ngamabomu eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Jalimane ngaphansi kwesiqubulo sokuvikelwa kwezinyoni okuqondiswayo, izazi zezinyoni manje zibheka ukulawulwa kwenani labantu njengento engalungile. “Ngomzamo omkhulu, kungafinyelelwa imiphumela emincane kuphela,” kusho uHerrmann. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabonisa ukuthi ngemva kokuphothulwa kwezinyathelo zokulawula - ukuqoqa noma ukunikeza amaqanda oyinyumba, ukubulala izinyoni ezizalayo - inani labantu landa futhi ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbono wangaphambili wokuthi ama-seagull asongela inani lezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zasolwandle njengama-tern nama-limicoles uye wabonakala ungalungile. Ama-seagull abuye asebenzise amaqanda nezinsana zezinye izinyoni zasogwini njengokudla, kodwa uma ebhekwa endaweni enkulu, lokhu akubeki abantu bezinhlobo ezithintekayo engozini. “Amakoloni amakhulu ama-gull anomsebenzi othile wokuzivikela, ngokwesibonelo kumadada afukamele noma ama- common tern, ngoba axosha izilwane ezidla ezinye njengezimpungushe.” I-sandwich tern, isibonelo, izalela kuphela ekuvikelweni kwamakoloni anekhanda elimnyama.