UMary Allen
I-Salamanders yizilwane ezihlala emanzini. Zinomzimba ofana nowezibankwa noma izingwenya ezincane kodwa azihlobene nazo. Ahlobene kakhulu nama-newt namaxoxo.
Wonke ama-salamanders anomzimba omude onomsila nesikhumba esingenalutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitho somzimba siyakhula uma silunywe, isibonelo. AmaSalamander awazaleli amaqanda njengamanye ama-amphibians, kodwa azala izibungu noma aphile besebancane.
Ama-salamanders ahluke kakhulu phakathi kwawo. Umdondoshiya waseJapan intulo uhlala unomphela emanzini. Ikhula imitha eyodwa nesigamu ubude futhi isisindo sifinyelela ku-20 kilogram. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zihlala eYurophu: intulo yomlilo kanye ne-alpine salamander.
Ihlala kanjani intulo yomlilo?
Intulo yomlilo ihlala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Icishe ibe ngamasentimitha angama-20 ubude futhi inesisindo esingamagremu angama-50. Lokho cishe kuyingxenye yebha likashokoledi. Isikhumba sayo sibushelelezi futhi simnyama. Inamabala aphuzi emhlane wayo, angaphinde akhanyise kancane awolintshi. Njengoba ikhula, ikhipha isikhumba sayo izikhathi eziningana njengenyoka.
Intulo yomlilo ikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini amakhulu anezihlahla ezivuthulukayo nezingama-coniferous. Uthanda ukuhlala eduze nemifudlana. Uyawuthanda umswakamo ngakho-ke uyaphuma futhi uma kunemvula nasebusuku. Emini ijwayele ukucasha emifantwini yamadwala, ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, noma ngaphansi kwezinkuni ezifile.
Fire salamanders musa amaqanda. Ngemva kokuvundiswa owesilisa, izibungu ezincane zikhula esiswini sowesifazane. Uma sezinkulu ngokwanele, insikazi izala izibungu ezincane ezingaba ngu-30, emanzini. Njengezinhlanzi, izibungu ziphefumula ngamagill. Ziyakwazi ukuzimela ngokushesha futhi zikhule zibe izilwane ezindala.
Ama-Fire salamanders akhetha ukudla amabhungane, iminenke engenamagobolondo, izikelemu, kodwa nezicabucabu, nezinambuzane. Intulo yomlilo izivikela ezitheni zayo ezinamabala anombala ophuzi. Kodwa futhi uthwala ushevu esikhumbeni sakhe omvikelayo. Lesi sivikelo sisebenza kahle kangangokuthi ama-salamanders omlilo awavamile ukuhlaselwa.
Noma kunjalo, ama-salamanders omlilo avikelekile. Eziningi zazo zifela ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto noma ngenxa yokuthi azikwazi ukukhuphuka ezinqenqemeni zomgwaqo. Abantu baphinde bathathe izindawo zabo eziningi zokuhlala ngokuguqula amahlathi emvelo axubile abe amahlathi anohlobo olulodwa lwesihlahla. Izibungu azikwazi ukukhula emifudlaneni egeleza phakathi kwezindonga.
Ihlala kanjani intulo yase-alpine?
Intulo yasezintabeni ihlala ezintabeni zaseSwitzerland, e-Italy nase-Austria kuya emazweni aseBalkan. Ikhula cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-15 ubude. Isikhumba sayo sibushelelezi, simnyama kakhulu ngenhla, futhi simpunga kancane ohlangothini lwe-ventral.
I-alpine salamander ihlala ezindaweni okungenani ezingamamitha angama-800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi iyenza ifinyelele ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-2,800. Uthanda amahlathi anezihlahla ezivuthulukayo nezingama-coniferous. Phezulu phezulu, ihlala ezimfundeni ezimanzi ezisezintabeni, ngaphansi kwezihlahlana, nasemithambekeni ye-scree. Uyawuthanda umswakamo ngakho-ke uyaphuma futhi uma kunemvula nasebusuku. Emini ijwayele ukucasha emifantwini yamadwala, ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, noma ngaphansi kwezinkuni ezifile.
Ama-salamanders ase-Alpine awawabeki amaqanda. Ngemva kokuvundiswa yindoda, izibungu zikhula esiswini sowesifazane. Zidla i-yolk futhi ziphefumula ngama-gill. Nokho, amagill aqala ukuhlehla esibelethweni. Lokho kuthatha iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Lapho izalwa, inzalo isivele icishe ibe ngamasentimitha amane ubude futhi iyakwazi ukuphefumula futhi idle yodwa. Ama-salamanders e-Alpine azalwa yedwa noma njengamawele.
Ama-alpine salamanders nawo akhetha ukudla amabhungane, iminenke engenamagobolondo, iminyundu, izicabucabu, nezinambuzane. Ama-salamanders e-Alpine adliwa kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile ngama-jackdaws asezintabeni noma ama-magpies. Ziphinde zithwale ushevu esikhunjeni sazo ozivikela ekuhlaselweni.
Ama-salamanders ase-Alpine awakho engozini kodwa asavikelekile. Njengoba zithatha isikhathi eside ukuzala bese zizala eyodwa noma ezimbili ezincane, azikwazi ukuzala ngokushesha. Sebelahlekelwe yindawo enkulu yokuhlala ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo yasentabeni namadamu.