UMary Allen
Ngenxa yokuthi udebe olungenhla lukabhejane omnyama lukhombe njengomunwe futhi luyakwazi nokubamba, imidondoshiya empunga yathola igama layo.
Izici
Babukeka kanjani obhejane?
Obhejane bayizilwane ezincelisayo zangempela futhi bayizilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala endaweni yesibili ngobukhulu ngemva kwezindlovu. Ubhejane omnyama ulinganiselwa kumamitha angu-3.50 ukusuka ekhaleni kuya phansi futhi unesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1500. Ingamamitha angu-1.60 ukuphakama ukusuka phansi kuya ehlombe. Unamandla nakakhulu ubhejane omhlophe. Iwuhlobo lobhejane olukhulu kunawo wonke, okhula lufinyelele kumamitha angu-3.80 ubude. Ilinganiselwa ku-1.50 kuya ku-1.80 amamitha ukusuka phansi kuya ehlombe. Amaduna anesisindo esingamathani angu-1.8 kuya kwamathathu, amanye afinyelela kumathani angu-3. Izinsikazi zinesisindo esingamathani ayi-3.5 kuya kwamabili.
Okujwayelekile kuzo zombili lezi zinhlobo zobhejane ukwakheka kwabo okukhulu okune-neck hump, umhlane oxega kancane, imilenze emifushane, nombala ompunga. Umsila ungamasentimitha angama-70 ubude futhi unentshakaza yezinwele ezimnyama ekugcineni. Uphawu lwayo lokuthengisa izimpondo ezimbili ezicijile ekhaleni layo: engaphambili yinde kancane kuneyangemuva. Ubhejane omnyama ujwayele ukufika kumasentimitha angama-50 ubude, ubhejane omhlophe ufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-100 ubude.
Izimpondo ziqukethe uphondo olunamathelayo, oluqine ngokwedlulele, i-keratin. Uma uphondo kulimale noma lunqanyuliwe, luyakhula. Obhejane bangama-“pachyderms” angempela. Isikhumba sazo sinesilinganiso esingamasentimitha amabili ubukhulu, futhi sifika kumasentimitha amane nesigamu entanyeni. Ivikela izilwane ekulimaleni okubangelwa ameva nokuhlaselwa ezinye izilwane.
Izinwele ezimnyama ezimnyama zikhula kuphela ezindlebeni, kumajwabu amehlo, nasemsileni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, abanazinwele. Ikhanda lishwabene impela. Izindlebe zinkulu uma kuqhathaniswa futhi zimise okwe-cone, ikakhulukazi kubhejane omhlophe. Amehlo mancane uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bezilwane. Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zobhejane, izilwane azinawo amazinyo angaphambili, zinezinyosi kuphela zokugaya ukudla kwezitshalo.
Bahlala kuphi obhejane?
Obhejane abamnyama nabamhlophe batholakala kuphela e-sub-Saharan Africa. Zazivame ukusabalala kuwo wonke ama-savanna ase-Afrika. Namuhla bahlala ezindaweni ezimbalwa kuphela. Kwamanye amazwe lapho izilwane zase zingasekho, ziye zabuyiselwa ngempumelelo. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zitholakala eNamibia, eNingizimu Afrika, eBotswana, eZimbabwe, eZambia naseMozambique. Ubhejane omnyama usekhaya e-Angola, eRwanda, nasenyakatho ekude njengaseTanzania naseKenya. Ubhejane omhlophe manje akasekho eMpumalanga Afrika.
Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zobhejane zihlala otshanini nasezindaweni ezihlala emahlathini noma emaphethelweni amahlathi nasemahlathini agqagqene ukusuka ezindaweni eziphansi ukuya kumamitha angu-3500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukuze baphile, badinga amanzi okuphuza kanye nezindawo zokugeza zodaka.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zobhejane ezikhona?
Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zobhejane emhlabeni namuhla. Obhejane abamnyama nabamhlophe bahlala e-Afrika. Izinhlobo ezintathu zobhejane zihlala e-Asia, zonke ezisengozini enkulu futhi ezicishe zashabalala: ubhejane waseNdiya, ubhejane waseJavan, nobhejane waseSumatran. Ubhejane waseNdiya uhlala eNepal, Assam, naseBhutan. Ubhejane waseJavan utholakala eziqhingini zase-Indonesia iSumatra neBorneo, kanye naseMalaysia naseBurma.
NgoNovemba 2019, ubhejane wokugcina waseSumatran owatholwa eMalaysia washona. Obhejane baseSumatran abangaba ngu-80 kuphela abasele basakazeke kabanzi e-Indonesia. Kwakukhona futhi obhejane eYurophu ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando: Laba bahlanganisa ubhejane onoboya, owawuvamile ngeNkathi Yeqhwa kodwa osekunesikhathi eside wafa.
Obhejane baba neminyaka emingaki?
Obhejane abamhlophe baphila iminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-50. Obhejane abamnyama baphila iminyaka efinyelela kwengama-45.
Behave
Baphila kanjani obhejane?
Obhejane bezwa kahle kakhulu futhi behogela kahle kakhulu. Uma umoya uvuma, ziyakwazi ukuzwa iphunga elisuka ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-700. Kodwa amehlo azo abuthaka: Ngisho noma esebangeni elingamamitha angu-20 kuya kwangu-30, awaboni lutho ngokucacile. Kuyamangaza ukuthi lezi zilwane ezinkulu nezinkulu zingagijima kanjani: ubhejane omnyama ungafinyelela isivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-50 ngehora, ubhejane omhlophe usengakwazi ukuphatha amakhilomitha angama-40 ngehora.
Izilwane zingashintsha indlela ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zesabise izilwane ezidla ezinye ezisondela kakhulu. Obhejane abamnyama bavuka ngempela kuhwalala nasebusuku. Emini ziyaphumula futhi zilale ezindaweni ezinomthunzi noma zibhuquze odakeni lwemigodi yamanzi. Obhejane abamhlophe bayasebenza imini nobusuku, kodwa baphinde bahlehlele emthunzini wezihlahla nezihlahla phakathi nemini eshisayo. Futhi nakuba obhejane abamnyama bebodwa, obhejane abamhlophe bathambekele ekubeni nabantu abaningi. Zivame ukuhlala ngamaqembu amancane ezilwane ezifika kweziyisithupha. La maqembu ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi abesifazane namaphuphu abo. Abesilisa abadala ngokuvamile bazulazula e-savannah bebodwa.
Obhejane bathanda ukugeza ngodaka ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye: londla isikhumba sabo futhi luqeda izinambuzane nezinye izilokazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugeza ngodaka kupholisa umzimba omkhulu. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba izilwane azinazo izindlala zomjuluko futhi ngenxa yalokho zishisisa kalula endaweni eshisayo yezwe lakubo. Enkathini eyomile, lapho kungabikho izindawo zokugeza zodaka, izilwane zigingqa esihlabathini.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zobhejane base-Afrika zathola igama ngokuma kodebe lwazo lwangaphezulu. Lokhu kujwayela izitshalo zefolishi zezilwane. Ubhejane omnyama unodebe lwangaphezulu olumise okweminwe, olucijile olusebenzisa ukubamba. Ngalokhu okuthiwa udebe olubambekayo, lukha amaqabunga ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Ubhejane omhlophe unodebe olubanzi, oluqondile alusebenzisela ukudla utshani.
Ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla ezikukhethayo, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zingahlukaniswa zikude ngesimo sazo sengqondo: Obhejane abamnyama bavame ukuphakamisela amakhanda abo phezulu lapho bebheka amaqabunga ezihlahleni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, obhejane abamhlophe bazulazula ethafeni bebhekise amakhanda phansi, befuna utshani ababuthandayo phansi.
Zombili izinhlobo zobhejane base-Afrika zinezindawo lapho ngokuvamile zihlala zithembekile isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ubukhulu bezindawo buncike ekutheni zinikeza ukudla okungakanani namanzi. Izindawo zobhejane abamnyama zingamakhilomitha-skwele ayisithupha kuya kwangama-40 ngobukhulu, lezo zobhejane abamhlophe zifinyelela kumakhilomitha-skwele ayi-15. Izindawo ziphawulwe ngezinqwaba zendle nomchamo, futhi izilwane zihlala zisebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo lapho, okuphumela ezindleleni ezibonakala ngokucacile.
Obhejane abamnyama banolaka ukwedlula obhejane abamhlophe, abathathwa njengabantu ababephila ngesikhathi esinokuthula. Izingxabano zivame ukuba phakathi kwabesilisa kuphela. Futhi izimpi zangempela, lapho nazo zisebenzisa izimpondo zazo, azivamile. Imvamisa, amaphoyisa avele agijime abheke wodwa futhi ame ngaphambi nje komphikisi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubikwa ukuthi obhejane baphinde bahlasele abantu - ikakhulukazi abesifazane abanengane encane. Nokho, izingozi ezimbi azivamile.
Abangane nezitha zobhejane
Ngaphandle kwabantu, obhejane abadala abanazo izitha - banamandla kakhulu futhi bayakwazi ukuzivikela kahle kakhulu ngezimpondo zabo. Amabhubesi noma izimpisi zingaba yingozi ematholeni kuphela uma unina kabhejane engabaqaphile.
Zonke izinhlobo zobhejane zazizingelwa futhi ngokungenasihawu abantu ngenxa yokuthi izimpondo zabo zibhekwa njengezindondo futhi kwamanye amazwe ziyikhambi okusakhokhwa ngalo noma yiliphi inani lazo nanamuhla. Yize sebevikelekile manje, basazingelwa abazingeli.
Bazalana kanjani obhejane?
Obhejane abamnyama besifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi eminyakeni emine kuya kweyisithupha, obhejane besifazane abamhlophe eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kweyisikhombisa. Insikazi esilungele ukugana iphinde iphawule indawo eyizungezile ukuze ihehe abesilisa ngephunga layo. Bese kwenzeka nezinkunzi ezimbili zobhejane zibanga insikazi zilwe zodwa. Ngemva kokuba inkunzi ishele nensikazi izinsuku ezimbalwa, ukukhwelana kwenzeka.
Ithole likabhejane lizalwa cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-18 kamuva. Munye kuphela osemusha ozalwa ngesikhathi. Kodwa lokhu kakade kuyisisindo esinzima ekuzalweni: abantwana bobhejane abamhlophe banesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-40 kuya kwangu-60, abantwana bakabhejane abamnyama amakhilogremu angu-25 kuya kwangu-40. Ezincane zimbozwe ngoboya obumnyama obuthi kamuva buphume. Abakabi nazo izimpondo, iqhubu elincane nje emakhaleni kanye nebala elikhanyayo emabunzini abo. Izimpondo zikhula kulezi zindawo ngemva kwamasonto amahlanu.
Ngemva nje kokuzalwa, ithole lingaphuza kunina futhi lihambe ngisho nangemva kwamahora ambalwa. Imunywa ngumama, kodwa ngokushesha futhi idla utshani noma amaqabunga. Ngemva konyaka, isivele inesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-400.
Inzalo kabhejane omnyama izimele ngemva kweminyaka emibili, ubhejane omhlophe ngemva kweminyaka emibili nengxenye kuya kwemithathu. Khona-ke omama bakhipha amaphuphu abo futhi balungele ukukhwelana okusha.
Baxhumana kanjani obhejane?
Obhejane bayakwazi ukububula, ukuhonqa, ukububula, ukubhonga ngisho namacilongo afana nezindlovu. Ngokuvamile, abesilisa bazwakala kakhulu kunabesifazane. Nokho, imisindo yawo eminingi ijule kangangokuthi thina bantu asikwazi ukuyizwa. Amankonyane obhejane ayakhala, ayagquma, ayabubula, ayahonqa noma akhale.