I-Reindeer

Ama-reindeer anesici esikhethekile: ezinsikazi zalezi zinyamazane ezivela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kakhulu zomhlaba nazo zinezimpondo ezinamandla.

Izici

Ibukeka kanjani inyamazane?

Izinyamazane ziyingxenye yomndeni wezinyamazane futhi zakha umndeni ongaphansi we-reindeer. Zingamasentimitha angu-130 kuya kwangu-220 ubude. Ubude behlombe bungamasentimitha angama-80 kuye kwangama-150. Isisindo sazo siphakathi kwama-60 nama-315 kilograms. Eyeduna ivamise ukuba mikhulu kakhulu futhi isindayo kunezinsikazi.

Amakhanda neziqu zawo zinde impela, futhi imilenze yawo iphakeme kakhulu. Umsila mfushane, inselo ububanzi. Ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izinyamazane, i-reindeer yesifazane nayo inezimpondo. Amaduna aphalaza izimpondo zawo ekwindla kanye nezinsikazi entwasahlobo. Izimpondo zibe sezikhula kuzo zombili.

Imigoqo ithe isicaba. Zinombala okhanyayo futhi zakhiwe nge-asymmetrically. Lokhu kwehlukanisa izimpondo zenyamazane ezimpondweni zazo zonke ezinye izinyamazane. Sekukonke, izimpondo zinamandla kakhulu maqondana nobukhulu bezilwane. Amaduna anesikhwama somphimbo entanyeni esisebenza njengesandisi-zwi. Izinhlobo ezincane zaseNyakatho Melika kanye nezaseGreenlandic zinomhlwenga omude, omhlophe ngaphansi kwentamo yazo. Ama-reindeer anoboya obukhulu obuhluka ngombala ehlobo nasebusika.

Ahlala kuphi ama-reindeer?

Ama-Reindeer ahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-Asia, eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Lapho bahlala ezifundeni ezishisayo nezingaphansi komhlaba.

Ama-reindeer angatholakala e-tundra nase-taiga, okungukuthi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yehlathi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-reindeer akhona?

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 ezihlukene zama-reindeer, kodwa zonke zifana kakhulu. Lezi zihlanganisa i-reindeer yasenyakatho yeYurophu, i-Svalbard reindeer, i-tundra reindeer, i-Western Forest reindeer noma i-caribou, kanye ne-barren-ground caribou.

Zonke zihluka ngokuyinhloko ngobukhulu: okuthiwa i-reindeer yasehlathini, ehlala kakhulu ehlathini, ngokuvamile inkulu kune-tundra reindeer, ehlala ngokuyinhloko e-tundra. Ngokuvamile banoboya obumnyama futhi. Izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene zavela ngenxa yokuthi ama-reindeer ahlala ebangeni elikhulu kangaka. Bazivumelanise nezimo ezifanele zemvelo ezikhethekile.

Ngaphandle kwemihlambi yezilwane ezifuywayo eziphethwe amaSami, inyakatho yeYurophu isenezinyamazane zasendle: umhlambi omkhulu wezinyamazane zasendle eYurophu ungatholakala endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Hardangervidda, ithafa eliseningizimu yeNorway. Lo mhlambi unezilwane ezingaba ngu-10,000 XNUMX. Uma kungenjalo, izinyamazane zasendle ziyivelakancane kakhulu eYurophu.

Iba neminyaka emingaki i-reindeer?

Ama-reindeer aphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-12 kuya kweyi-15. Nokho, ezinye izilwane zifinyelela iminyaka engu-20 ubudala noma ziphile isikhathi eside nakakhulu.

Behave

Ziphila kanjani izinyamazane?

Ama-Reindeer ahlala emihlambini emikhulu, engabalelwa ezilwaneni ezingamakhulu ambalwa - ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kuze kube yizilwane ezingu-40,000 eCanada. Ngenxa yokuthi zihlala endaweni eneqhwa neqhwa izinyanga eziningi, kudingeka zifuduke kakhulu unyaka wonke ukuze zithole ukudla okwanele.

Kwesinye isikhathi zihamba amabanga afinyelela ku-1000 wamakhilomitha futhi ziphinde ziwele nemifula emikhulu ngenxa yokuthi ama-reindeer nawo ayakwazi ukubhukuda. Umhlambi ngamunye uholwa umholi.

Kodwa kunesinye isizathu esibaluleke kakhulu salokhu kufuduka: Ehlobo, kunezinkulungwane zezigidi zomiyane ezweni lezilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezimanzi, ezingezansi, ezihlukumeza futhi zihlabe izinyamazane. I-reindeer ibalekela lezi zinambuzane ngokufudukela ezintabeni ehlobo, lapho kunomiyane abambalwa khona.

Ukuze zikwazi ukumelana namakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha ebusika baseNordic, ama-reindeer anoboya obuminyene kakhulu kunezinye izinyamazane: Uboya obuningi obuphindwe kathathu bukhula endaweni eyisentimitha-skwele yesikhumba kunasezinyamazaneni zethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinwele azinalutho futhi zigcwele umoya. Uboya bakha ungqimba oluphelele lwe-insulating. Okujwayelekile komhlambi wezinyamazane imisindo eqhekekayo eyenziwa imisipha emaqakaleni njengoba ihamba.

Ama-reindeer angakwazi ukunweba izinselo zawo kabanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinyathelo phakathi kwezinzwane. Ngale ndlela izilwane azikwazi ukucwila ngaphakathi futhi zikwazi ukuhamba kahle eqhweni noma endaweni ethambile, egcwele amanzi. Izimpondo zisetshenziswa ngabesilisa ukwenza izimpi zokuklelisa abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Akwaziwa ukuthi kungani ezinsikazi nazo zinezintuthwane.

Ama-Reindeer ayimpilo yamaSami asenyakatho yeScandinavia kanye nabanye abantu abaningi basenyakatho ye-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Ngokwesibonelo, amaSami agcina imihlambi emikhulu yezinyamazane futhi ezulazula ezintabeni nasemahlathini asenyakatho yeSweden, enyakatho yeNorway, naseFinland nale mihlambi. Ziphila ngenyama yalezi zilwane. Ezikhathini zangaphambili babesebenzisa izikhumba ukwenza amatende nezingubo. Izilwane nazo zisetshenziswa njengezilwane ezipakisha futhi zidonsa.

Namuhla, imihlambi ivame ukubonwa ngendiza enophephela emhlane bese iyiswa ezindaweni eziphansi ngabalusi abambalwa benyamazane abasele. Ngokungafani ne-North America caribou, ama-reindeer asenyakatho yeYurophu athambile futhi ajwayele abantu.

Kithina, ama-reindeer axhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nomcabango kaKhisimusi: Abhekwa njengezilwane ezidwetshiwe zesileyi sikaSanta Claus.

Abangane nezitha zenyamazane

Izimpisi nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinjengezimpisi, izimpungushe, ama-lynx, nezinyoni ezidla inyama zingaba yingozi kakhulu kuma-reindeer amancane, agulayo noma amadala. Kodwa isitha esikhulu kunazo zonke umuntu, oye wazingela kakhulu lezi zilwane, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika.

Azala kanjani ama-reindeer?

Ngokuya ngesifunda, isikhathi se-rutting sisukela ngo-August kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Khona-ke amaduna ama-reindeer alwa nezimbangi zawo futhi azame ukunqoba izinsikazi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Intsha ijwayele ukuzalwa ezinsukwini eziyi-192 kuya kwezingama-246 ngemuva kokukhwelana, cishe phakathi noMeyi. Akuvamile ukuthi kube khona ababili abasebasha. Lapho ithole lisanda kuzalwa, likwazi ukukhula kangcono: libe nesikhathi esengeziwe sokukhula futhi likhule libe likhulu futhi libe namandla kuze kube sekuqaleni kobusika. Izilwane zivuthwa ngokobulili cishe ngonyaka owodwa nesigamu.

Ama-reindeer axhumana kanjani?

Phakathi nenkathi yokugigiyela, i-reindeer yesilisa yenza imisindo esukela enjengesitho kuya ekugedleni.

Care

Zidlani izinyamazane?

Ukudla kwe-reindeer kuncane: ngokuyinhloko idla ubulembu be-reindeer, obusamila phansi kanye namadwala asezindaweni ezipholile ngisho nasezindaweni ezibanda kakhulu. Inyamazane igubha lezi zinselo ngezinselo, ngisho naseqhweni elijule kakhulu. Zidla nolunye ulele, utshani nezihlahlana. Lokhu kudla okunzima ukukugaya ekuqaleni kuhlafunwa kuphela. Kamuva, lezi zilwane zibuyisela ukudla futhi zikuhlafune - okufana nezinkomo.