UMary Allen
Inyamazane iyisilwane esincelisayo. Ingowomndeni wezinyamazane. Inyamazane iwukuphela kwezinhlobo zezinyamazane ezifuywe abantu. Ihlala enyakatho ekude yeYurophu nase-Asia, lapho ibizwa ngokuthi ama-reindeer noma ama-reindeer. Eziningi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-reindeer noma ama-reindeer. Izinhlobo ezifanayo zihlala eCanada nase-Alaska. Lapho zibizwa ngokuthi i-caribou, elivela olimini lwamaNdiya.
Ubukhulu be-reindeer buncike endaweni yokuhlala. Ingakhula icishe ilingane nephoni, nayo isindayo. Igqoka uboya obukhulu obunoboya obude ngokumelene namakhaza. Ebusika, ijazi likhanya kancane kunasehlobo. I-Peary caribou ihlala esiqhingini saseCanada. Cishe imhlophe ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona eqhweni.
Ama-reindeer agqoka izimpondo njengazo zonke izinyamazane, kodwa anezici ezimbalwa ezikhethekile: lezi zingxenye ezimbili aziguquki esibukweni, okungukuthi zi-symmetrical, kodwa zihluke ngokuphelele. Insikazi iwukuphela kwezinhlobo zezinyamazane ezinezimpondo, nakuba zincane kuneziduna. Abesifazane bachitha izimpondo zabo entwasahlobo kanti abesilisa bachitha ekwindla. Kodwa-ke, bobabili balahlekelwa isigamu se-antler ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke isigamu senyamazane sihlale sihlala. Akulona iqiniso ukuthi izinyamazane zisebenzisa izimpondo zazo ukuze zisuse iqhwa.
Ziphila kanjani izinyamazane?
Ama-reindeer ahlala emihlambini. Imihlambi ingaba mikhulu: izilwane ezifika ku-100,000, e-Alaska kukhona ngisho nomhlambi wezilwane eziyingxenye yesigidi. Kulemihlambi, ama-reindeer afudukela eningizimu efudumele ekwindla futhi abuyele enyakatho entwasahlobo, njalo efuna ukudla, okungukuthi utshani kanye ne-moss. Ekugcineni, bahlukana babe amaqembu amancane. Bese kuba nezilwane eziyi-10 kuya kweziyikhulu kuphela ndawonye.
Ekwindla, abesilisa bazama ukuqoqa iqembu lezinsikazi eduze kwabo. Eyeduna ihlangana nezinsikazi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Eyensikazi ithwala itakane layo esiswini cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Kuhlala kukodwa nje. Ukuzalwa kwenzeka ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni. Ngemva kwehora selikwazi kakade ukuhamba, lilandele unina, futhi liphuze ubisi kuye. Izilwane eziningi ezincane ziyafa kuphela lapho isimo sezulu simanzi kakhulu futhi kubanda. Cishe ngemva kweminyaka emibili, isilwane esincane singaba nengane yaso. Ama-reindeer aphila aze abe neminyaka eyi-12 kuya kweyi-15 ubudala.
Izitha ze-reindeer izimpisi, ama-lynx, amabhere, kanye ne-wolverine, i-marten ekhethekile. Nokho, ama-reindeer aphile kahle ngokuvamile angakwazi ukudlula lezi zilwane ezizingelayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-parasite athile mabi, ikakhulukazi omiyane base-arctic.
Abantu bazisebenzisa kanjani izinyamazane?
Abantu bazingela izilwane zasendle kusukela nge-Stone Age. Inyama iyagayeka. Uboya bungasetshenziswa ukuthunga izingubo noma amatende. Amathuluzi angenziwa ngama-antlers namathambo.
Abantu abazingeli kuphela ama-reindeer asendle, kodwa futhi bagcina ama-reindeer njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngale njongo, izilwane zasendle zazifuywa kancane nje. I-Tame reindeer ilungele ukuthwala imithwalo noma ukudonsa izihlibhi. Ezindabeni eziningi, uSanta Claus unenyamazane phambi kwesileyi sakhe.
Imihlambi yenyamazane yanamuhla ikhululekile ukuzulazula, abantu bavele bayilandele. Bese bewaqoqa, bafake amatheki amancane bese bethatha isilwane ngasinye ukuze sihlatshwe noma sidayiswe. Uma ugcina inyamazane eduze, ungaluphuza ubisi lwayo noma uluhlanganise lube ushizi. Ubisi lwenyamazane lunomsoco kakhulu kunobisi lwezinkomo zethu.