UMary Allen
Ngezimpondo zazo ezinkulu, zibukeka zizinhle ngempela; Ngakho-ke, inyamazane ebomvu ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amakhosi ehlathi".
Izici
Ibukeka kanjani inyamazane ebomvu?
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zingabomndeni wezinyamazane futhi zibizwa ngokuthi abathwali bezikhali zasebunzini. Leli gama elinomsindo eliyingozi libhekisela esicini esivamile salezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezingenangozi: izimpondo ezinkulu zamaduna, ezisabisa ngazo izimbangi zazo futhi zivikele indawo yazo phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana.
Izimpondo zingabukeka zihluke kakhulu. E-Central European deer, iqukethe izinti ezimbili ezikhula ukusuka ethanjeni elingaphambili futhi lapho ngokuvamile zifika emaphethelweni amathathu abheke phambili ziyahlukana. Ekupheleni kwama-antlers, amahlumela asemaceleni amaningana angahluma, enze umqhele. Uma inyamazane indala, izimpondo zayo ziba namagatsha. Ngezimpondo zayo, inyamazane ithwala umthwalo omkhulu: isisindo sayo singamakhilogremu ayisithupha, kanti uma inyamazane endala kakhulu ifinyelela ku-15 noma 25 kilogram.
Igama elithi inyamazane ebomvu livela eqinisweni lokuthi uboya balezi zilwane bubomvu ngokunsundu ehlobo. Nokho, ebusika ziba mpunga ngokunsundu. Zinebala elikhulu elimhlophe noma eliphuzi ngaphansi komsila ezinqeni zazo, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi isibuko.
Umsila ngokwawo unombala omnyama ngenhla futhi umhlophe ngezansi. Izinyamazane ezibomvu ziyizilwane zethu ezincelisayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke: Zilinganisa amamitha angu-1.6 kuya ku-2.5 ukusuka ekhanda kuye phansi, zibe nokuphakama emuva okungamamitha angu-1 kuya ku-1.5, umsila omncane ungamasentimitha angu-12 kuya kwangu-15 ubude futhi zinesisindo esiphakathi kuka-90 no-350 kilogram. Izinyamazane zingahluka ngosayizi kuye ngobulili kanye nendawo yokuhlala: abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane futhi badlala intamo ende ekwindla nasebusika.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyamazane eCentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu zikhulu kakhulu kunezinyamazane eNyakatho Yurophu noma esiqhingini sase-Italy saseSardinia.
Zihlala kuphi izinyamazane ezibomvu?
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zitholakala eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, eNyakatho-ntshonalanga Afrika, nasenyakatho ye-Asia. Ngenxa yokuthi zazizingelwa kakhulu futhi indawo yazo yokuhlala - amahlathi amakhulu - ibhujiswa kakhulu, ayisahlali yonke indawo, kodwa ezindaweni ezimbalwa kuphela. Kwezinye izindawo, kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokubuyisela inyamazane ebomvu: isibonelo eFinland, eMpumalanga Yurophu, naseMorocco. Ziye zalahlwa nakwezinye izifunda lapho zingaveli khona ekuqaleni, njenge-Australia, iNew Zealand, ne-Argentina.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zidinga amahlathi amakhulu, aluhlaza anezindawo ezivulekile ukuze zikhule. Nokho, zitholakala nasemahlathini asezintabeni nasezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zigwema abantu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinyamazane ezibomvu ezikhona?
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-23 ezihlukene zezinyamazane ezibomvu ezitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa bonke bangabomndeni wezinyamazane ezibomvu. I-subspecies enkulu kunazo zonke i-elk yaseNyakatho Melika. Okuhlobene eduze nenyamazane ebomvu yinyamazane ye-sika ephuma e-Asia, inyamazane efusi enamabala amhlophe evela eMedithera nase-Near East eyasungulwa eYurophu, kanye ne-American-tailed deer, nayo eyethulwa kwezinye izindawo zase-Europe.
Iba neminyaka emingaki inyamazane ebomvu?
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zingaphila iminyaka engama-20.
Behave
Ziphila kanjani izinyamazane ezibomvu?
Izinyamazane ziqala ukusebenza lapho kuhwalala kuphela. Kodwa kwakuhlukile: izinyamazane zaziphuma zihamba emini. Ngenxa yokuthi zazizingelwa kakhulu abantu, ngokuvamile zihlala zicashile emini. Baphuma nje ukuyodla kuhwalala. Abesifazane nabesilisa ngokuvamile bahlala ngokwehlukana. Ezinsikazi zihlala ngokwemihlambi nezilwane ezincane futhi ziholwa yindluzelekazi endala. Amaduna azulazula emahlathini eyedwa noma akhe amaqembu amancane.
Noma ubani owaziyo ukuthi izinyamazane zihlala kuphi endaweni enehlathi angakwazi ukuzibona kalula ngoba ziqhubeka zisebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo. Izindlela ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ukushintshana. Izinyamazane ezibomvu azigcini nje ngokuba ngabagijimi abahle, ziyakwazi nokugxuma nokubhukuda. Ngokuvamile zibona izitha zikude ngoba ziyezwa, zibona futhi zihogela kahle.
Ungamangali uma ubona izinyamazane ezingenazo izimpondo: okokuqala, yinyamazane ebomvu kuphela enezimpondo, futhi okwesibili, amaduna achitha izimpondo zawo ezindala phakathi kukaFebruwari no-April. Ngenhlanhla enkulu, ungayithola nasehlathini. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ama-antlers amasha azobe esekhulile. Ekuqaleni isambozwe isikhumba, okuthiwa yi-bast, inyamazane eyasichitha kancane kancane ngokuhlikihla izimpondo eziqwini zezihlahla.
Abangane nezitha zenyamazane ebomvu
Izimpisi namabhere ansundu kungaba yingozi enyamazaneni ebomvu, izilwane ezincane nazo zingaba izisulu ze-lynx, izimpungushe, noma izinkozi. Kodwa-ke, kithina izinyamazane azinazo izitha ngoba cishe azikho izilwane ezinkulu ezisele.
Zizala kanjani izinyamazane ezibomvu?
Ikwindla, uSepthemba, no-Okthoba izinkathi zokukhwelana noma ukugqwala kwezinyamazane. Khona-ke kuzwakala umsindo omkhulu: Amaduna awasanyakazi ngamaqembu awo, kodwa eyedwa futhi azwakale ukukhala kwawo okukhulu nokubhongayo. Ngalokho bafuna ukuthi kwenye inyamazane: “Le ndawo ingeyami!” Ziphinde zihehe nezinsikazi ngezingcingo zazo.
Lesi sikhathi sisho ukucindezeleka kwamaduna amanyamazane: awadli kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kuba nokulwa phakathi kwabesilisa ababili. Izimpondo zicindezelwa zodwa, zihlola ukuthi ngubani onamandla. Ekugcineni, owinile ubuthela umhlambi wezindluzelekazi emzungezile. Izinyamazane ezibuthakathaka zihlala zingenazinsikazi.
Ngemva kwenyanga kuba nokuzola futhi, futhi cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ngemva kokukhwelana, amaphuphu azalwa, ngokuvamile eyodwa, akuvamile ukuba abe mabili. Uboya bazo abunamabala alula futhi isisindo sazo singamakhilogremu ayi-11 kuya kwayi-14. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, bangalandela unina ngemilenze enyakazayo. Zimunyiswa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala futhi ngokuvamile zihlala naye kuze kube yilapho ezalwa ithole elilandelayo. Lapho kuphela iminyaka emibili noma emithathu izinyamazane sezivuthiwe futhi sezivuthiwe ngokobulili. Asuke esekhule ngokugcwele eneminyaka emine.
Inzalo yesifazane ivame ukuhlala ephaketheni likamama, inzalo yesilisa ishiya iphakethe lapho ineminyaka emibili futhi ihlangane nezinye izinyamazane zesilisa.
Zixhumana kanjani izinyamazane ezibomvu?
Lapho zisongelwa, izinyamazane zenza imisindo ekhonkothayo, egqumayo noma ebhodlayo. Phakathi nenkathi yokugigiyela, amaduna akhipha umsindo omkhulu odabula umnkantsha nethambo. Abafana bayakwazi ukukhala nokuklolodela.