Isithombe se-European Pond Turtle

I-Emys orbicularis, i-European pond turtle, iwukuphela kwezinhlobo zofudu olutholakala ngokwemvelo eJalimane futhi lusengozini yokushabalala kuleli zwe. I-German Society for Herpetology (i-DGHT ngamafuphi) ihloniphe lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngendondo ethi "Reptile of the Year 2015" ngenxa yesimo sayo sokuvikela esikhethekile. Ubhala kanjalo uDkt. Axel Kwet ekhasini eliyisiqalo le-DGHT:

I-European pond turtle ifaneleka ngokufanelekile njengophawu lokulondolozwa kwemvelo yendawo futhi ngaleyo ndlela imele ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ukuze idonsele ukunaka ebungozini bezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane ezihlala emanzini e-Central Europe kanye nezindawo zazo zokuhlala.

I-Emys Orbicularis – Izinhlobo Ezivikelwe Ngokuqinile

Ngokuya nge-Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV), lolu hlobo lwezilwane luvikelwe ngokuqinile futhi lufakwe ohlwini lwe-Appendices II no-IV ye-Habitats Directive (I-Directive 92/43 / EEC yangomhla zingama-21 kuNhlaba 1992) kanye nakuSithasiselo II se-Bern Convention. (1979) mayelana nokongiwa kwezilwane zasendle zaseYurophu kanye nezindawo zazo zemvelo.

Ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezishiwo, izilwane zirekhodwa ngokusemthethweni futhi udinga imvume ekhethekile ukuze uzigcine, ongayifaka isicelo kumkhandlu wendawo ofanele. Akukho emthethweni ukuhwebelana ngezilwane ngaphandle kokuthi ube namaphepha afanelekile. Lapho uthenga, kufanele unake ukutholwa kwezimvume eziphoqelekile ezishiwo.

Ezimweni eziningi, kuzodingeka uthenge izilwane ngokusebenzisa abafuyi abakhethekile. Izitolo zezilwane ezifuywayo ngokuvamile zikhawulela uhla lwazo olwandle olunemibala egqamile olusuka eNyakatho Melika okulula ukulutholela umthengisi futhi lungathengelwa ikhasimende ngentengo ephansi. Lapho ucwaninga ngemithombo efanele yokuhlinzeka, amahhovisi endawo yezilwane angase akwazi ukukusiza.

Ukujwayela I-European Pond Turtle Ukuze Isimo Sezulu

I-European pond turtle ijwayele ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezimaphakathi ukuze ukwazi ukugcina lolu hlobo lwezilwane endaweni ekhululekile - ikakhulukazi i-subspecies i-Emys orbicularis orbicularis. Ngaphezu kokuzigcina kanye nokuzinakekela echibini, kukhona nokukhetha ukugcina izilwane ku-aqua terrarium. I-European pond turtle Ezincwadini ezifanele zochwepheshe, ukugcinwa nokunakekela izilwane ezincane (kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu) ku-aqua terrarium kunconywa. Uma kungenjalo, ukufuywa kwamahhala - ngaphandle kwezifo, ukuze kufinyeleleke, njll. - kungcono, nakuba izilwane ezindala zingabuye zigcinwe ku-vivarium, okuyinto phakathi kwezinye izinto enikeza inzuzo yokunakekelwa nokulawula komuntu. Izizathu zokuzigcina zikhululekile kungaba inkambo yemvelo yosuku nonyaka kanye nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bemisebe yelanga, enenzuzo empilweni nesimo sezimfudu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amachibi anezitshalo ezifanele kanye nendawo engokwemvelo eyengeziwe angamelela indawo yokuhlala yemvelo. Ukuziphatha kwezilwane kungaqashelwa ngokungaxutshwe nalutho endaweni ecishe ibe yemvelo: Ubuqiniso bokubhekwa buyanda.

Izidingo Ezincane Zokugcina

Lapho ugcina futhi unakekela i-Emys orbicularis, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthobelana namazinga amancane anqunyiwe:

• Ngokombiko “wezidingo ezincane zokugcinwa kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo” wango-10.01.1997, abagcini baphoqelekile ukuthi baqinisekise ukuthi uma ipheya le-Emys orbicularis (noma izimfudu ezimbili) lihlaliswa endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, indawo eyisisekelo samanzi okungenani ubukhulu obuphindwe kahlanu bubude bubude begobolondo lesilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke, futhi ububanzi baso buyisigamu sobude be-aqua terrarium. Ukuphakama kwezinga lamanzi kufanele kube kabili ububanzi bethangi.
• Kufudu ngalunye olwengeziwe olugcinwe endaweni efanayo ye-aqua terrarium, i-10% kufanele yengezwe kulezi zilinganiso, kusukela esilwaneni sesihlanu 20%.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yomhlaba oyisibopho kufanele inakekelwe.
• Lapho uthenga i-aqua terrarium, ukukhula kobukhulu bezilwane kufanele kucatshangelwe, njengoba izidingo ezincane zishintsha ngokufanele.
• Ngokombiko, ukushisa okukhazimulayo kufanele kube cishe. 30 ° C.

U-Rogner (2009) uncoma izinga lokushisa elingu-approx. 35 ° C-40 ° C ekhoneni elikhanyayo le-heater ekhazimulayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukomiswa okuphelele kwesikhumba sesilwane esihuquzelayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kubulawe ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic.

Ngokombiko, ezinye izinto ezincane ezibalulekile yilezi:

• i-substrate yomhlabathi efanelekile ekuphakameni okwanele,
• izindawo zokucasha,
• amathuba okukhuphuka angenzeka (amadwala, amagatsha, amahlumela) anobukhulu obufanele nobukhulu,
• mhlawumbe ukutshala ukudala i-microclimate efanelekile, njengendawo yokucasha, phakathi kwezinye izinto,
• lapho ugcina ama-egg-laying abesifazane abavuthiwe okukhethwa kukho okukhethekile kokubeka amaqanda.

Ukugcina ku-Aquaterrarium

Ama-Aquaterrariums afaneleka kakhulu ukugcina ama-specimens amancane ama-European pond turtles, njengezilwane ezincane ze-B., futhi akunikeza ithuba lokulawula izimo zokuphila nokuthuthukiswa kwezilwane. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezitsha ezidingekayo kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kunokulima kwamahhala.

Ubukhulu obuncane be-aqua terrarium buvela ezidingweni ezincane ezinqunyiwe (bheka ngenhla). Njengenjwayelo, lezi yizidingo ezincane eziphelele. Ama-aqua terrariums amakhulu ahlala ethandwa.

Isikhundla se-vivarium kufanele sikhethwe ukuze kungabikho ukuvinjelwa noma ukulimala endaweni ejikelezayo yeminyango namafasitela futhi lapho ukhetha igumbi, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukugwema ukuphazamiseka njalo nomsindo ukuze ungacindezeli izilwane. Izindonga eziseduze kufanele zome ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwesikhunta.

Ngezizathu zenhlanzeko, futhi, kunengqondo ukwenza ingxenye enkulu yezwe itholakale, njengoba amanzi esendaweni ekahle yama-bacterium, isikhunta, nezinye izinambuzane ezingase zibangele isifo sofudu lwasezibeni.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezibani ezifanele kubalulekile ekomisweni nasekufudumeni ufudu, kufaka phakathi izibani zensimbi ze-halide ngokuhlangana nezibani ze-fluorescent. Ukuze ugweme ukucwayiza kwesibani se-fluorescent, ama-ballast e-electronic (EVG) angcono kune-ballasts evamile. Lapho ukhetha ukukhanyisa, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kunokukhanya kwe-UV okufanelekile, ngisho noma izibani ezihambisanayo zibiza kakhulu kodwa zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-metabolism nempilo yofudu. Mayelana nokukhanya, inkambo yangempela yendawo yosuku nonyaka kufanele imodelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokuhlala engokwemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka. Izibali-sikhathi zingasetshenziselwa lokhu. Benza ukuthi amalambu avuleke futhi acinywe phakathi nosuku.

Ukuhlola njalo izinga lamanzi kanye noshintsho lwamanzi olusekelwe ezidingweni kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa. Lolu shintsho lungenzeka ngama-drain valves noma “nge-suction hose method”. Amasistimu okuhlunga angasetshenziswa inqobo nje uma engaholeli emisinga engathandeki ezungeza izimfudu nezingxenye zamanzi futhi okuholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ezilwane. Kukhona futhi inketho yokunamathisela i-hose yokubuyisela kusihlungi ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi. Ukugeleza kuthanda ukutholakala komoyampilo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuba nomthelela omuhle kwikhwalithi yamanzi.

UBächtiger (2005) uncoma ukuthi kugwenywe ukuhlungwa kwemishini kwamachibi atholakala eduze kwefasitela. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimbali zezimbaza namahyacinths amanzi njengokuhlunga kwebhayoloji kunengqondo: Udaka luyacocwa ngezikhathi ezithile bese umcengezi ugcwaliswa ngamanzi ahlanzekile.

Amagatsha (isb. igatsha elisindayo i-Sambucus nigra) nokunye okunjalo kungalungiswa engxenyeni yamanzi futhi akhe ichibi. Izimfudu zasechibini zingakhuphukela kuwo futhi zifune izindawo ezifanele elangeni. Izitshalo zasemanzini ezintantayo kwenye ingxenye yechibi zinikeza ikhava nesivikelo.

Ukuphakelwa njalo kanye nokuqapha ukudla okudlayo kuyizici ezibalulekile zokuzigcina nokubanakekela. Lapho unikeza izilwane ezincane ukudla, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi zinamaprotheni anele. Kufanele futhi unake ukudla okuphezulu kwe-calcium. Echibini, ungenza kakhulu ngaphandle kokuphakela okwengeziwe, njengoba kuvame ukuba neminenke eminingi, izibungu, izinambuzane, izibungu, njll. Futhi njengoba ufudu lwaseYurophu lwechibi luthanda ukudla lokhu futhi ludla inyama ebolile kanye nokuzala, linamaprotheni anele. , ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, amavithamini, namaminerali.

Izikelemu kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane nezingcezu zenyama yenkomo, eziye zanothiswa ngamavithamini namaminerali, zilungele ukuphakelwa okwengeziwe. Akufanele uphakele izinkukhu ezingavuthiwe ngenxa yengozi ye-salmonella. Akufanele neze uphakele izinhlanzi njengoba iqukethe i-enzyme i-thiaminase, evimbela ukumuncwa kukavithamini B. Ukondla izinti zokudla ezingathengwa kulula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqinisekise ukudla okuhlukahlukene futhi uqaphele ukuthi ungadli izilwane ngokweqile!

Iziqukathi zokubeka kufanele zidalelwe abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi (Bächtiger, 2005), ezigcwaliswa ngengxube yesihlabathi ne-peat. Ukujula kwe-substrate kufanele kube ngu-20 cm. Ingxube kufanele igcinwe inomswakama unomphela ukuvikela umgodi wamaqanda ukuthi ungabhidliki ngesikhathi sokumba. Ihitha ekhazimulayo (isibani se-HQI) kufanele ifakwe ngaphezu kwendawo ngayinye yokubeka. Ubusika obufanele ngokwemvelo bumele inselele enkulu kumuntu ovamile. Kunamathuba ahlukene lapha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilwane zingakwazi ukulala esiqandisini emazingeni okushisa angaphezulu kancane kwendawo yokuqandisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimfudu zingalala endaweni epholile (4 ° -6 ° C), igumbi elimnyama.

Ukugcina Echibini

Indawo efanelekile yesistimu yangaphandle ye-Emys kufanele inikeze ilanga eliningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho uhlangothi oluseningizimu luwusizo kakhulu. Kungcono kakhulu ukuvumela ukuchayeka elangeni ohlangothini olungasempumalanga ekuseni kakhulu. Izihlahla ezivuthulukayo namalashi akufanele kube eduze kwechibi, njengoba amaqabunga awelayo noma izinaliti zinomthelela omubi eqophelweni lamanzi.

Ucingo oluvikela ukuphunyuka nolufiphele noma okufanayo kuyanconywa emngceleni wesistimu. Izakhiwo zokhuni ezifana ne-upside-down L zifaneleka kakhulu lapha, njengoba izilwane zingakwazi ukukhuphuka phezu kwamabhodi avundlile. Kodwa izivalo ezenziwe ngamatshe abushelelezi, ukhonkolo noma izakhi zepulasitiki nazo ziye zazibonakalisa.

Kufanele ugweme ukukhuphuka izitshalo nezihlahlana ezinkulu emaphethelweni esistimu. Ama-Emys angabaculi beqiniso abaqwalayo futhi basebenzisa amathuba amaningi okuhlola indawo ezungezile.

Uthango kufanele lucwiliswe ama-intshi ambalwa emhlabathini ukuze luvimbele ukuthi lungacekelwa phansi. Nikeza ukuvikeleka ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye zasemoyeni (isb. izinyoni ezihlukahlukene ezidla inyama), ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezincane, inethi noma igridi phezu kwesistimu.

Isitezi sechibi singagcotshwa ngobumba, sifakwe ukhonkolo, futhi sigcwaliswe ngamatshe noma singadalwa ngendlela yechibi le-foil noma kusetshenziswa amachibi epulasitiki akhiqizwe ngaphambili noma amacansi epulasitiki aqiniswe ngefayibha. ULanger (2003) uchaza ukusetshenziswa komata be-GRP ababalulwe ngenhla.

Ukutshalwa kwendawo yamanzi kungakhethwa ngokukhululekile. Ngamachibi e-foil, noma kunjalo, ama-bulrushes kufanele agwenywe, njengoba izimpande zingabhoboza ucwecwe.

UMähn (2003) uncoma izinhlobo zezitshalo ezilandelayo endaweni yamanzi yohlelo lwe-Emys:

• I-Hornwort evamile (i-Ceratophyllum demersum)
• I-crowfoot yamanzi (Ranunculus aquatilis)
• Uzipho lwenkalankala (Statiotes aloides)
• Duckweed (Lemna gibba; Lemna minor)
• Ukulunywa yixoxo (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae)
• I-Pond rose (i-Nuphar lutea)
• Umnduze wamanzi (Nymphaea sp.)

UMähn, (2003) uqamba lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zokutshala ebhange:

• Ummeleli womndeni we-sedge (Carex sp.)
• Isipuni sexoxo (Alisma plantago-aquatica)
• Izinhlobo ze-Iris ezincane (Iris sp.)
• I-Northern pike herb (Pontederia cordata)
• I-Marsh marigold (i-Caltha palustris)

Uhlaza oluminyene alunikezi nje umphumela wokuhlanza amanzi kodwa futhi lunikeza nezindawo zokucasha zezilwane. Intsha yase-European pond turtle ithanda ukuchitha ilanga emanzini amaqabunga omnduze. Izimfudu zithola ukudla lapho futhi zingahlela ukudla kwazo ngendlela efanele. Ukuzingela inyamazane ephilayo kudinga amakhono e-motor, chemosensory kanye nokubukwayo futhi kudinga ukusebenzisana. Lokhu kuzogcina izimfudu zakho ziqinile ngokomzimba futhi zinenselele yezinzwa.

Ichibi kufanele nakanjani libe nezindawo zamanzi angashoni ezishisa ngokushesha.

Izifunda ezijulile zamachibi nazo ziyadingeka, njengoba amanzi apholile edingeka ukulawula ukushisa.

Ubuncane bokujula kwamanzi okungena ebusika izilwane endaweni ebiyelwe ngaphandle kufanele okungenani kube cishe. 80 cm (ezifundeni ezithandwa yisimo sezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho 100 cm).

Amagatsha aphuma esakhiweni samanzi echibini futhi anikeze izimfudu ithuba lokushona kwelanga isikhathi eside kanye nokufuna indawo yokukhosela ngaphansi kwamanzi ngokushesha uma kwenzeka ingozi.

Lapho ugcina abesilisa ababili noma ngaphezulu, kufanele udale indawo ebiyelwe evulekile equkethe okungenani amachibi amabili, ngoba ukuziphatha kwendawo kwezilwane zesilisa kudala ukucindezeleka. Izilwane ezibuthakathaka zingahlehlela kwelinye ichizi futhi izimpi zendawo ziyavinjelwa.

Ubukhulu bechibi bubalulekile: endaweni enkulu yamanzi, lapho kutshalwa kahle, kumiswa ibhalansi yemvelo, ukuze lezi zinhlelo zingabi nasondlo, okuyinto elula kakhulu ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi igwema ukungenelela okungadingekile. endaweni yokuhlala ngakolunye. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlunga kungasatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwalezi zimo.

Lapho uklama ibhange, kufanele unake izindawo ezisebhange ezingajulile ukuze izilwane zikwazi ukushiya amanzi kalula (izilwane ezincane nezincane ziminza kalula uma izindawo zasebhange ziwumqansa kakhulu noma zibushelelezi kakhulu). Amacansi kakhukhunathi aboshwe noma izakhiwo zamatshe emaphethelweni amanzi zingasebenza njengezinsiza.

Izingosi ze-Oviposition zabesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi kufanele zenziwe zitholakale ngaphandle. UMähn (2003) uncoma ukwakhiwa kwezindunduma zokubeka amaqanda. Ingxube yengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yesihlabathi kanye nezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomhlabathi wensimu we-loamy kunconywa njenge-substrate. Lamagquma kufanele aklanywe ngaphandle kwezimila. Ukuphakama kwalokhu kuphakama kungama-cm angama-25, ububanzi bungama-80 cm, isikhundla kufanele sikhethwe njengoba kuvezwe elangeni ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, lesi sitshalo sibuye silungele ukusakazeka kwemvelo. Uhlu lokuhlola oluhambisanayo lungatholakala ku-Rogner (2009, 117).

Isitshalo esisele singakhuliswa uhlaza oluminyene, oluphansi.

Isiphetho

Ngokugcina nokunakekela lesi silwane esihuquzelayo esiyivelakancane nesivikelekile, ubamba iqhaza elikhulu ekongiweni kwezilwane. Kodwa-ke, akumele ubukele phansi izimfuno zakho: ukunakekela isidalwa esiphilayo esivikelekile ngendlela efanele uhlobo lwezilwane, ikakhulukazi esikhathini eside, kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu odinga isikhathi esiningi, ukuzibophezela, nomzamo.