UMary Allen
Izihlahla zikaphayini zingowesibili ezivame kakhulu emahlathini ethu. Eqinisweni, izihlahla zikaphayini zithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Abizwa nangokuthi amaphayini. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zezihlahla zikaphayini. Bendawonye bakha uhlobo oluthile.
Izihlahla zikaphayini zingaphila iminyaka engama-500, futhi kwezinye izimo kuze kube iminyaka eyi-1000. Zitholakala ezintabeni kuze kufike emgqeni wesihlahla. Izihlahla zikaphayini zikhula zibe amamitha angaba ngu-50 ubude. Ububanzi bawo bufinyelela kumitha elilodwa nesigamu. Izihlahla zikaphayini ezindala zivame ukulahlekelwa ingxenye yamagxolo azo futhi zithwale kuphela emagatsheni amancane. Izinaliti ziyawa ngemva kweminyaka emine kuya kweyisikhombisa.
Imiqumbe enezimbali ingeyeduna noma isifazane. Umoya uthwala impova isuka kwelinye ihlumela iye kwelinye. Ama-cones ayindilinga avela kulokhu, aqale ame aqonde phezulu. Ngokuhamba konyaka, ziqala ukwehla. Imbewu inephiko ukuze umoya ukwazi ukuyisa kude. Lokhu kuvumela izihlahla zikaphayini ukuthi zande kangcono.
Ikhoni Yephayini Yowesifazane
Izinyoni, izingwejeje, amagundane nezinye izilwane eziningi zasehlathini zidla imbewu kaphayini. Izinyamazane, izinyamazane ezibomvu, i-chamois, i-ibex, nezinye izilwane ngokuvamile zidla amahlumela noma amahlumela. Izimvemvane eziningi zidla umpe wezihlahla zikaphayini. Izinhlobo eziningi zamabhungane zihlala ngaphansi kwamagxolo.
Abantu bawasebenzisa kanjani amaphayini?
Umuntu usebenzisa izinkuni eziningi zikaphayini. Iqukethe i-resin eningi ngakho-ke ifaneleka kakhulu ezakhiweni zangaphandle kunezinkuni ze-spruce ngoba ibola ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, amathala amaningi noma ama-cladding enziwe ngophayini. Ngenxa ye-resin, izinkuni zikaphayini zinephunga elinamandla futhi elimnandi.
Kusukela ku-Palaeolithic Age kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, [[i-resin (material)|kienspan]] yayisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa. Ngokuvamile lolu godo lwaluvela ezimpandeni zikaphayini, ngoba lokhu kuqukethe inhlaka eyengeziwe. Ama-pine shavings ayefakwa esibambini njengezingodo ezincane futhi akhanyiswe njengethoshi elincane.
I-resin nayo yayikhishwa ngokhuni lukaphayini. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: noma igxolo lesihlahla laklwejwa futhi ibhakede ilenga ngaphansi kwendawo evulekile. Noma zonke izingodo zazishiswa kuhhavini ngendlela yokuthi zingabasi, kodwa inhlaka yaphela.
I-resin yayiyi-glue engcono kakhulu ngisho nangaphambi kweNkathi Ephakathi. Ihlanganiswe namafutha ezilwane, yayiphinde isetshenziswe njengesithambiso sama-axle ezinqola nezinqola ezihlukahlukene. Kamuva, i-turpentine yayingakhishwa ku-resin futhi isetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza amapende okudweba, isibonelo.