UMary Allen
Izihlahla zesundu yizitshalo esizazi emazweni aseningizimu. Ngokuvamile zinesiqu eside lapho amaqabunga awile khona. Kunamaqabunga kuphela phezulu. Amaqabunga abukeka njengabalandeli noma njengezimpaphe zezinyoni. Izihlahla ezithile zesundu zithela izithelo, ukhukhunathi noma izinsuku.
Izihlahla zesundu zingahluka kakhulu. Kuzazi zezinto eziphilayo, izintende zakha umndeni. Iqukethe 183 genera kanye 2600 izinhlobo ezahlukene. Izihlahla zesundu zihamba phambili: Iqabunga elide kunawo wonke emvelweni liyiqabunga lesundu elinobude obungamamitha angama-25. Imbewu enzima kakhulu emhlabeni ibuye ivele esihlahleni sesundu futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-22. Isiqu esiqhakaza kunazo zonke singamamitha ayisikhombisa nesigamu futhi simila esihlahleni sesundu.
Izihlahla eziningi zesundu zitholakala emahlathini emvula ashisayo, kodwa nasezindaweni lapho kunamanzi amancane. Zikhula nasezindaweni ezishisayo, isibonelo ezizungeze iMedithera. Zikhona yonke indlela eya ezintabeni ze-Alps, isibonelo eTicino eSwitzerland. Kodwa futhi zikhula ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele kakhulu enyakatho ye-Alps, isibonelo esigodini sase-Uri. Umoya ofudumele lapho, i-foehn, wenza ukuphila kwabo kwenzeke.
Izihlahla zesundu zikhula kanjani?
Izihlahla zesundu zihluke kakhulu. Angakhula abe ngamamitha angamashumi ayisithupha ukuphakama noma ahlale phansi kakhulu. Abanye bazimele bodwa, abanye ngamaqembu. Ezinye ziqhakaza izikhathi eziningana ekuphileni kwazo, ezinye kanye kuphela, bese ziyafa.
Izihlahla zesundu azizona izihlahla. Isiqu sazo siba sikhulu lapho sikhula khona ngobude, okungukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi siphezulu. Akwenziwa futhi ngokhuni lwangempela. Ngakho-ke kuthiwa kuphela ukuthi i-trunk "i-ligified". Iziqu zesundu zihlala zincane kakhulu.
Ezintendeni zesundu ezimbalwa, izimbali zinezingxenye zesilisa nezinsikazi, njengakuma-apula ethu, amapentshisi, namajikijolo amaningi nezithelo. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zesundu, izimbali zingamadoda noma abesifazane. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngokunenzuzo emasimini amadethi: amasundu amabili noma amathathu kuphela abesilisa atshalwa ezintendeni zesundu eziyikhulu. Izisebenzi zibe sezigibela esihlahleni sesundu sesilisa bese zithola ama-inflorescence. Bese begibela ezitshalweni zesifazane bese bevundisa izimbali lapho.
Izihlahla eziningi zesundu zidinga umanyolo omncane emhlabathini. Kunjalo ehlathini, kodwa nasogwadule. Izihlahla zesundu ezisehlathini elinemvula zibekezelela amanzi amaningi. Izihlahla zesundu ezisezindaweni ezivundile zaneliswa ngamanzi amancane. Awudingi mvula. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba anele ngoba anezimpande ezijulile. Ziningi kakhulu lezi zinhlobo kunezinhlobo ezisezindaweni ezimanzi.
Yikuphi ukudla okuhlinzekwa ngamasundu?
Cishe izinhlobo eziyikhulu zezihlahla zesundu zithela izithelo ezidliwayo. Siyazi ngababili kuphela. Sithenga izinsuku ngetshe noma ngaphandle kwazo futhi ngokuvamile sizidla ngaleyo ndlela, ngezinye izikhathi zigcwele i-marzipan noma ezinye izinto. Owesibili ukhukhunathi. Ngokuvamile uthenga uginindela wabo kithi izingcezu omisiwe futhi yashizi ukubhaka okuthile ngayo. Kukhona namakhekhe amaningi asenziwe ngomumo ane-coconut flakes kuwo. Ungenza futhi amafutha kakhukhunathi kusuka ku-pulp, esivame ukuyisebenzisela ukuthosa. I-margarine ibuye ibe namafutha kakhukhunathi.
Isundu se-palmyra sivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Ungakwazi njalo ukusika ucezu oluncane ezimbalini zalo zesilisa bese ulusebenzisa ukuze ukhame ijusi eliqukethe ushukela omningi. Ungayibilisa futhi uthole ushukela okhethekile. Ungavumela futhi ukuthi ijusi ivubele ukukhiqiza utshwala. Leli yiwayini lesundu.
Amafutha esundu atholakala entendeni yamafutha. Izithelo zawo zicishe zibe ngamasentimitha amahlanu ubude futhi zibe ngamasentimitha amathathu ukujiya. Cishe ingxenye ye-pulp iqukethe amafutha, angacindezelwa ngaphandle. Lokho kwenza amafutha esundu. Izinhlamvu nazo ziqukethe cishe uwoyela oyingxenye, okucindezelwa kuwo amafutha ohlamvu lwesundu. Cishe amakhilogremu angamashumi amabili esithelo amila esihlahleni sesundu minyaka yonke. Amafutha esundu ayinto enhle ngokwawo. Asikho esinye isilimo esingavuna uwoyela ongaka endaweni efanayo. Inkinga iwukuthi amahlathi amakhulu ayagawulwa ukuze kutshalwe amafutha esundu. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu eMalaysia nase-Indonesia.
Kunezingxenye zangaphakathi zesiqu phezulu kwesundu ezingadliwa. Zibizwa ngokuthi "izinhliziyo zesundu" noma "izinhliziyo zesundu". Nokho, ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ugawule isihlahla sesundu, ngoba sasingeke sisakhula. Inhliziyo yesundu itholakala ikakhulukazi eBrazil, eParaguay nase-Argentina. Uvame ukunqoba izinhliziyo zesundu lapho ihlathi lisusiwe.
Yiziphi izinto zokwakha ezihlinzekwa yizihlahla zesundu?
Emazweni amaningi, izindlu zakhiwa izizwe. Izakhamuzi zimboza uphahla ngamahlamvu esundu. Zigcina amanzi ngaphandle kahle kakhulu uma uzipakishe kahle. Esikhathini esidlule, eYurophu, uphahla lwalumbozwa ngotshani noma ngomhlanga ngendlela efanayo.
Izintende ze-rattan zinikeza amahlumela amancane angalukwa kahle kakhulu. Siyazi ifenisha ye-rattan evela esitolo. Esitolo sezandla, amahlumela ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi "ama-rattan canes". Ungayisebenzisa ukuluka obhasikidi, izihlalo zezihlalo, noma yonke ifenisha yokuhlala. Njengoba singazikhulisi ama-rattan palm, kwakusetshenziswa amahlumela omzane. Sasijwayele ukunakekela lesi sihlahla ngale njongo.
Yini enye izihlahla zesundu ezilungele?
Izihlahla zesundu zibalulekile emhlabathini. Zibamba umhlaba kanye nezimpande zazo. Ngakho-ke umoya noma imvula ngeke iwususe umhlaba.
Izihlahla zesundu zisikhumbuza ngamaholidi aseningizimu, mhlawumbe yingakho abantu bewathanda kangaka. Ngakho-ke izihlahla zesundu zivame ukutshalwa ezimbizeni. Ungabe usuwabeka ngaphandle ehlobo futhi uwayise endaweni efudumele ebusika. Kukhona nezinhlobo zesundu emabhodweni angagcinwa endlini unyaka wonke.