UMary Allen
Amadada agcinwe ekunakekelweni kwabantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Izimo zengqondo bezilokhu zishintsha. Namuhla, ngokomthetho, amadada afuywayo kufanele akwazi ukubhukuda. Kodwa hhayi lokho kuphela.
Amadada ayevame ukubhukuda emanzini avulekile azungeze amapulazi. Lesi sithombe sesiyivelakancane. Akuwona wonke amadada athola amanzi ahambayo, kodwa ngokomthetho, kusukela ngesonto lesithupha lokuphila, adinga indawo yokubhukuda ngamanzi ahlanzekile phakathi nosuku unyaka wonke. Ubhavu omncane awanele. Ithangi noma ichibi kufanele libe nendawo encane yamamitha-skwele amabili, eyanele izilwane ezifika ezinhlanu. Ukujula kwechibi kufanele okungenani kube ngamasentimitha angama-40. Uma ekhona, amanzi angaphezulu emvelo asendaweni nawo afanelekile. Kubalulekile ukungena nokuphuma okungasheleli, okwenza ukufinyelela kube lula ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezisencane.
Njengenye imfuneko yokugcina amadada, isishayamthetho sinquma izitsha zokuphuza ezinamanzi ahlanzekile, anembobo enkulu ukuze izilwane zikwazi ukucwilisa amakhanda azo wonke ukuze ziphuze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulala okumuncayo kuyadingeka ezitebeleni, ezisabalele endaweni engaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-20, njengoba amadada, njengezinkukhu, elala ebusuku, okungukuthi aya endaweni ephakeme noma esihlahleni ukuze alale.
Ihhoko lamadada kufanele likhanyiswe ngokwanele ngokukhanya kwasemini ukusuka emafasiteleni ukuze okungenani likhanye ngokukhazimulayo okuyisihlanu, okuyisidingo esiyisisekelo esingokomthetho. Amadada amadala kufanele anikezwe isidleke sokubekela. Idlelo kufanele libe ne-turf evuselelekayo. Indawo encane yokuvaleka ingamamitha-skwele ayishumi, okungenani ibe nama-square metres amahlanu isilwane ngasinye. Lapho ilanga liqinile futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezu kwama-degree angu-25, amadada kufanele abe nendawo enomthunzi lapho zonke izilwane zingathola khona indawo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Inhlanzi, Iminenke, Duckweed
Ngokomlobi onguchwepheshe u-Horst Schmidt (“Izinyoni Ezinkulu Nezinyoni Zasemanzini”), idada elikhulile lidinga okungenani amalitha angu-1.25 amanzi ngosuku. Emanzini agobhozayo, izilwane zimunca imisoco eminingi emfudlaneni. Zidla izinhlanzi ezincane, amaselesele, iminenke noma amazeze amanzi. Zincamela ukudlala emfudlaneni oyimitha ukushona. Uma indawo yamanzi inkulu ngokwanele, amadada angadla ikhilogremu lezitshalo zasemanzini ngosuku, njenge-duckweed.
Lapho eklabile, amadada awami kuma-slugs futhi awadle ngokujabula. Okusanhlamvu kusetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla obalulekile lapho uncelisa amadada. Ummbila nawo uwukudla okuhle kakhulu, kodwa uma usetshenziswa kuze kube sekugcineni ekukhuluphaleni, amafutha omzimba aphenduka abe phuzi kakhulu futhi athathe ukunambitheka okukhethekile okungafisiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kunoma yikuphi, izikhwebu zommbila kufanele zihlukaniswe ukuze zingeniswe. Njengenye indlela, amazambane abilisiwe noma izaqathe zifanelekile njengokudla okwengeziwe.
Umgudu wokugaya wedada ucishe ube ngamaphesenti angama-30 ubude kunowenkukhu. Yingakho amadada ekwazi ukusebenzisa ifolishi eliluhlaza kangcono kunezinkukhu. Idada elikhulile lingakwazi ukugaya ukudla okungafika kumagremu angu-200 ngosuku. Lapho ufuywa amadada, ukuhlelwa kwezitsha zokudla kanye namanzi kubaluleke kakhulu. Lezi kufanele zibekwe kude kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze amanzi nokudla kungaxubeki njalo futhi kube nokuphazamiseka okukhulu.
Indaba Ende, Amagama Amaningi
Ngaphandle kwedada le-musk, amadada asekhaya anamuhla wonke ehla e-mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Uchwepheshe u-Horst Schmidt ubhala ukuthi ubufakazi bokuqala bokuthi amadada agcinwe ekunakekelweni kwabantu kuneminyaka engaphezu kuka-7000 ubudala. Lezi zithombe eziqoshiwe zethusi ezatholakala eMesophothamiya, e-Iraq yanamuhla naseSiriya. ENdiya, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwatholakala izinhlamvu zasendulo ezibonisa izibalo ezifana nedada. Imikhondo eminingi ivela eChina.
NgokukaSchmidt, nokho, idada lalifuywe eGibhithe. Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho kokugcina amadada kwakusephansi ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Kwaze kwafika umbuso kaCharlemagne lapho kwagcinwa khona izibalo eziqondile mayelana nesitoko. Ngaleso sikhathi, okweshumi, okungukuthi intela yamaphesenti ayishumi ekhokhelwa ibandla noma inkosi, yayivame ukukhokhwa njengamadada. Lokhu kubhalwe ngamarekhodi ezindela, lapho amadada afuywayo avela khona njalo.
Ifomu lesibili lasendle eliye lafuywa eduze kwe-mallard yidada le-musk (Cairina moschata). Ifomu elifuywayo lisasondele kakhulu endle nanamuhla. Amadada e-Musk agcinwa abantu baseNdiya eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu ngaphambi kokutholakala kweMelika futhi kuthiwa atholakala ngokuyinhloko ePeru naseMexico. Kuye ngendawo, babenegama elihlukile. ENyakatho Afrika, yayaziwa ngokuthi "idada laseBerber" kanye nesazi semvelo sase-Italy u-Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522 - 1605) wake wayibiza ngokuthi "Idada laseCairo". Ngokushesha wanikezwa negama elithi "idada laseTurkey".
Uhlu lwamagama amaningi luhlanganisa ne-muskrat. Ngenxa yesikhumba esibomvu nama-warts ebusweni, bekukhona nezimpawu ezinjengamadada anesikhumba esibomvu nama-warty, kanti laba bakamuva babephumelele ezingeni lozalo lwenkukhu yaseYurophu. Ngolimi lwendabuko, uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isimungulu, ngoba akenzi noma yimiphi imisindo yangempela, kodwa uyaheyiza kuphela.
Idada le-warty lisabhekwa njengomfuyi onokwethenjelwa namuhla. Izinhlobo eziphuma ku-mallard zihluke kakhulu. Lapho imvelo yokuzalanisa yahlala kuphela kuma-pygmy namadada aseMuscovy azalanisa kakhulu. Ngesimo sengqondo ekunakekelweni komuntu, izilinganiso zomzimba zishintshile.
I-mallard yasendle inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1.4, kodwa namuhla amadada amakhulu kakhulu akhuluphalisiwe angafinyelela isisindo esingafika kumakhilogremu amahlanu. Kodwa-ke, ukuqina kokukhula kuye kwakhuthazwa kangangokuthi isikhathi sokukhuluphala sifinyeziwe futhi amanye amadada alungele ukuhlatshwa ngemva kwamasonto ayisithupha nje. Abafuyi baye banquma ngisho nemihlambi yamadada agijimayo kangangokuthi abeka iqanda kakhulu kangangokuthi abeka iqanda ngaphezu kwansuku zonke zesibili zonyaka.