UMary Allen
Amakhowe ayizinto eziphilayo. Ahlanganisa amaseli ngamanye anenucleus. Ku-biology, bakha umbuso wabo eduze kwezilwane nezitshalo. Zifana kakhulu nezitshalo ngoba azikwazi ukuhamba zodwa. Nokho, ngokungafani nezitshalo, isikhunta asikudingi ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze siphile. Indlela isikhunta esithatha ngayo ukudla futhi sigcine amandla nayo iseduze nezitshalo kunezilwane.
Esikubiza kakhulu ngokuthi isikhunta kuyingxenye yayo yonke into ephilayo. Endabeni yamakhowe amakhulu, sivame ukubona umzimba wezithelo kuphela, okhona wokusabalalisa. Isikhunta sangempela siyinethiwekhi enhle, ngokuvamile cishe engabonakali emhlabathini noma okhunini.
Amakhowe abaluleke kakhulu emjikelezweni wemvelo: adiliza imfucuza, izilwane ezifile, nezitshalo ezifile. Lokhu kubabuyisela emhlabeni. Isikhunta senza lo msebenzi ngokwesibonelo. Kodwa-ke, uma kuthinta ukudla noma izindawo zokuhlala, ukuqapha kuyadingeka, noma ngisho nochwepheshe bayadingeka.
E-United States, kunekhowe elikhule endaweni ecishe ibe amakhilomitha-skwele amathathu. Cishe uneminyaka engu-2400 ubudala. Lesi sikhunta singesinye sezidalwa ezindala nezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Isikhunta sondla futhi sizalane kanjani?
Amakhowe amunca umsoco wawo phezulu, ngakho akudingeki ukuthi awadle futhi awagwinye. Ngokuvamile zikhipha uhlobo oluthile lwamathe ebusweni. Lokhu kuhlakaza ukudla ukuze kungene ukhunta ngaphezulu.
Ukuzalana akunabulili kusikhunta esiningi. Isikhunta simane sihlukanise izinhlayiya ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-spores. Bese bewa, ngokuvamile bemuka nomoya. Uma ziwela endaweni evumayo, zingaqhubeka zikhula lapho.
Abantu bawasebenzisa kanjani amakhowe?
Amanye amakhowe angadliwa. Umuntu ubelokhu ekwazi lokho. Kunamakhowe anempilo, amnandi. Okunye akumnandi, kodwa futhi akulimazi. Iqembu lesithathu libangela ubuhlungu besisu kodwa aliyona ingozi ikakhulukazi. Iqembu lesine lamakhowe linobuthi kangangokuthi abantu bayafa uma bewadla. Ngakho-ke kufanele udle amakhowe emvelo kuphela uma wazi ukuthi wenzani, noma uwahlole ngochwepheshe.
Isikhunta esikhethekile sibaluleke kakhulu lapho ubhaka isinkwa: imvubelo. Lesi sikhunta siqukethe amangqamuzana ngamanye. Uma kuswakeme futhi kufudumele, bagaya ushukela, abawuthola nakufulawa. Lokhu kukhiqiza igesi engenangozi, isikhutha. Lokho kwenza izimbobo enhlama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhiqizwa i-asidi, enikeza isinkwa ukunambitheka kwaso okuvamile.
Isikhunta semvubelo siyadingeka ekukhiqizeni ubhiya. Kuhlala kukhona okusanhlamvu ebhiya. Imvubelo ithatha ushukela kuwo iwuphendule utshwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igesi carbon dioxide nayo ikhiqizwa, eyenza amagwebu kubhiya.
Kudingeka isikhunta esithile ukwenza ushizi. Ushizi wesikhunta esimhlophe uthambile ngaphakathi futhi unongqimba olumhlophe ngaphandle olwenziwa isikhunta. I-blue mold cheese iqukethe i-blue inclusions, eyenziwa yisikhunta. Amakhowe nawo ayesebenza kumayogathi amaningi ahlukene kanye nemikhiqizo efanayo. Banikeza imikhiqizo ukunambitheka okukhethekile.
Isikhunta okwenziwa ngaso i-antibiotic penicillin sibaluleke kakhulu kwezokwelapha. Isiza ngokumelene nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezibangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane okungekho usizo ngaphambi kokutholakala kwe-penicillin.