UMary Allen
Ubisi luwuketshezi ongaluphuza. Zonke izilwane ezincelisayo ezisanda kuzalwa ziphuza ubisi kunina futhi zidla ngalo. Ngakho umntwana uyancela, nomama ancelisa.
Umzimba kamama unesitho esikhethekile okukhiqizwa kuso ubisi. Kwabesifazane, sikubiza ngamabele. Ezilwaneni ezinezinselo, yimbele, kwezinye, yimibele. Okufakwe yizilwane ezincane emlonyeni yimibele.
Noma ubani okhuluma ngobisi noma othenga ubisi lapha ngokuvamile usho ubisi lwenkomo. Kodwa kukhona nobisi lwezimvu, izimbuzi, nezinsikazi zamahhashi. Amanye amazwe asebenzisa ubisi lwamakamela, ama-yak, inyathi yasemanzini nezinye izilwane eziningi. Ubisi oluphuzwa izingane zethu komama bazo lubizwa ngokuthi ubisi lwebele.
Ubisi luyisici esiqeda ukoma. Ilitha lobisi liqukethe cishe ama-desilitha ayisishiyagalolunye amanzi. I-deciliter esele ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu ezisondla kahle futhi ngayinye ilingana ngobukhulu: Amafutha awukhilimu ongenza ngawo ibhotela, ukhilimu ohlutshiwe, noma u-ayisikhilimu. Iphrotheni isetshenziselwa ukwenza ushizi neyogathi. Iningi le-lactose lihlala oketshezini. Bese kuba nemineral calcium, ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni amathambo ethu, namavithamini ahlukahlukene.
Ubisi lubalulekile kwezolimo zethu. Abantu namuhla badinga ubisi oluningi nemikhiqizo yobisi. Utshani kuphela obungamila emaqaqeni, nasemadlelweni asezintabeni. Izinkomo zithanda ukudla utshani obuningi. Zazifuywa ukuze zinikeze ubisi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi zinikezwa ukudla okukhethekile okunjengommbila, ukolweni, nokunye okusanhlamvu.
Nokho, kukhona nabantu imizimba yabo engalubambi kahle ubisi. Isibonelo, banokungabekezelelani kwamaprotheni obisi. Abantu abaningi e-Asia abakwazi nhlobo ukubekezelela ubisi lapho sebebadala. Baphuza ubisi lwesoya, okuwuhlobo lobisi olwenziwe ngobhontshisi wesoya. Futhi yenziwe ngohlobo lobisi olwenziwa ngokhukhunathi, irayisi, i-oats, ama-alimondi nezinye izitshalo.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ezahlukene zobisi?
Ubisi lwehluka kakhulu kuye ngesilwane esivela kuso. Umehluko usesilinganisweni samanzi, amafutha, amaprotheni, ne-lactose. Uma uqhathanisa ubisi lwezinkomo, lwezimvu, lwezimbuzi, lwamahhashi, nolwabantu, khona-ke ekuqaleni umehluko mincane. Noma kunjalo, awukwazi ukumane ufunze ubisi lwezilwane ingane unina engenalo ubisi. Akakwazanga ukukuthatha. Ngakho-ke kunobisi lwezingane olukhethekile abantu abaluhlanganisayo oluvela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene.
Umehluko uba mkhulu uma uziqhathanisa nezinye izilwane. Ubisi lwemikhomo yilona olugqama kakhulu: Luqukethe amafutha namaprotheni amaningi ngokuphindwe kashumi kunobisi lwenkomo. Iqukethe cishe ingxenye yamanzi kuphela. Ngenxa yalokho, imikhomo emincane ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ungakwazi yini ukuthenga ubisi lwezinkomo ezahlukene?
Ubisi ngokwalo luhlala lufana. Nokho, kuya ngokuthi lowo muntu ubeziphethe kanjani ngaphambi kokuzidayisa. Kunoma yikuphi, into eyodwa icacile: ubisi kufanele lupholile ngokushesha ngemva kokusenga ukuze kungabikho amagciwane anganda kulo. Kwamanye amapulazi, ungazibekela wena ibhodlela ubisi olusanda kusengwa futhi olubandayo, ulukhokhe, futhi uhambe nalo.
Esitolo, uthenga ubisi ngephakeji. Kubhalwe kulo ukuthi ubisi lusenawo wonke amafutha noma ingxenye yawo isusiwe. Kuya ngokuthi ubisi oluphelele, ubisi olunamafutha amancane, noma ubisi oluncibilikisiwe.
Kuya ngokuthi ubisi belushiswe kangakanani. Kuye ngokuthi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani, amanye amavithamini ayalahleka. Ngemuva kokwelashwa okuqinile, ubisi luzohlala isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezimbili esikhwameni esivaliwe ngaphandle kokulufaka esiqandisini.
Ubisi oluphathwe ngokukhethekile luyatholakala kubantu abanenkinga ye-lactose. I-lactose ihlukaniswa ibe ushukela olula ukuze igayeke. Ushukela wobisi ubizwa ngokuthi "i-lactose" ku-jargon yobuchwepheshe. Ubisi oluhambisanayo lubhalwe ngokuthi “ubisi olungenayo i-lactose”.