UMary Allen
Ibhubesi liyisilwane esincelisayo kanye nohlobo lwezilwane ezihlukene. Njengengwe, ingeyomndeni wekati ngakho-ke iyisilwane esizingelayo. Ibhubesi livame ukubizwa ngokuthi "inkosi yezilwane". Ngomhlwenga wayo omkhulu, eyeduna igqama kakhulu.
Emvelweni, namuhla uhlala enkabeni naseningizimu ye-Afrika kuphela. Kunepaki eyodwa kuphela esele namabhubesi asendle eNdiya. Yayivame ukutholakala cishe kuyo yonke i-Afrika nasendaweni ephakathi kweGreece neNdiya. Ungabona futhi amabhubesi kuma-zoo amaningi, kodwa awavamile ukuqeqeshwa esekisini.
Ibhubesi elikhule ngokugcwele liyimitha ubude nekota emahlombe. Abesilisa banesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-190 kanti abesifazane balinganiselwa ku-125 kilogram. Abesifazane bangahlukaniswa kalula kwabesilisa ngoba babonakala bentekenteke kakhulu. Ezinsikazi nazo azinawo umhlwenga. Amabhubesi angakwazi ukuxubha njengamakati ethu afuywayo, kodwa kuphela ngokukhipha umoya. Uboya bunombala wesihlabathi futhi abukho iphethini.
Ibhubesi livela ezinganekwaneni eziningi, ezinganekwaneni nasemafilimini. Kakade ezikhathini zasendulo yayihlonishwa ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okubabazekayo futhi iboniswa ezitsheni nasezindongeni. Kuyisilwane esibalulekile se-heraldic. Amakhosi amaningi aziqamba ngaye, ngokwesibonelo, uRichard the Lionheart. Ingabuye itholakale esibhakabhakeni: esibhakabhakeni esisenyakatho, kukhona umlaza we-Leo, esinye sezibonakaliso ze-zodiac.
Aphila kanjani amabhubesi?
Amabhubesi yiwona kuphela amakati amakhulu ahlala ngokuziqhenya. Lokhu kuhlanganisa abanye besifazane, ikakhulukazi abahlobene bodwa, kanye nezingane zabo. Kukhona futhi abesilisa abambalwa ephaketheni, ngokuvamile cishe abathathu. Azihlobene ngempela. Eyeduna ibusa phezu kwezinsikazi, kodwa futhi ivikela abesifazane. Iphakethe lingaqukatha izilwane ezifika emashumini amathathu.
Iphakethe ngalinye lizifunela indawo yalo. Ubukhulu bendawo buncike enanini lezilwane ephaketheni, kodwa futhi nenani lezinyamazane. Insimu ingaba enkulu kangangokuthi kungase kuthathe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu umuntu ukuyizungeza ngezinyawo. Amabhubesi aphawula imingcele ngobulongwe nomchamo wawo, kodwa futhi nangokubhonga okukhulu.
Amaduna asemancane achitha iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu nempahla yawo bese exoshwa. Bazulazula futhi bahlangane nabanye abesilisa abancane. Uma zizizwa zinamandla ngokwanele, zizohlasela abesilisa belinye iphakethe. Uma bewina, bangabanikazi besifazane. Amabhubesi amancane avamise ukuwaluma efile ukuze akwazi ukuzakhela amawundlu awo. Abesilisa abahlaselwe bayafa noma balimele. Bese befa ngoba bengasakwazi ukuzingela inyamazane eyanele.
Amabhubesi azingela ebusuku noma ekuseni kakhulu. Inyama yawo amadube, izinyamazane, izinsephe nezinyathi. Ngisho nezindlovu ezincane nezimvubu zingawanqoba ephaketheni elikhulu. Nokho, abahlulwa obhejane abadala. Uyaye uzwe kuthiwa ukuzingela kwezinsikazi kuphela bese kuthi amaduna adle inyamazane. Kodwa lokho akulona iqiniso.
Amabhubesi angagijima kakhulu, kodwa awakwazi ukuqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane eziningi ezizingelayo ziyashesha. Ngakho amabhubesi acanasa eduze ngangokunokwenzeka abese esheshisa ngamandla agcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, benza ama-jump amade kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, cishe njalo ukuhlasela kwesithathu kuholela empumelelweni, ngezinye izikhathi kuphela njalo okwesikhombisa.
Azala kanjani amabhubesi?
Umholi wephakethe kuphela ovunyelwe ukuhlangana nezinsikazi. Ibhubesi elingumama lithwala amawundlu ngesisu cishe izinyanga ezine. Izala eyodwa kuya kwamane ngesikhathi futhi iwancelise ngobisi lwayo. Bahlala isikhathi eside becashile. Umama ube eseziletha ephaketheni.
Amaphuphu aphinde ancela ubisi kwezinye izinsikazi ephaketheni aze abe nezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Omama nabo bakhulisa izingane ndawonye. Ngisho bengenalo ubisi, amazinyane ahlala nonina cishe iminyaka emibili. Khona-ke sezivuthiwe ngokobulili, ukuze zibe namaphuphu azo.
Amabhubesi esifazane aphila iminyaka efinyelela kwamashumi amabili. Amaduna ajwayele ukubulawa noma axoshwe abesilisa abancane ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngeke besalithola-ke iphakethe bese bebulawa indlala.
Ingabe amabhubesi asengozini?
Njengezilwane, amabhubesi awekho engozini. Kodwa kukhona subspecies eziningana. Ezinye sezingasekho, ezinye zisengozini.
Amabhubesi amaningi asahlala eningizimu yenkabazwe e-Afrika nasempumalanga ye-Afrika. Ama-subspecies ahlukene ahlobene nomunye. Kodwa abakwazi ukuhlangana ngoba kukhona amabanga amade kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Abaningi bahlala eziqiwini futhi abekho engozini. Kodwa ohulumeni abaningi bayakulwela lokhu ngoba basebaningi abazingela ngokungemthetho.
Amabhubesi nawo ahlobene phakathi kweSahara nehlathi lemvula. Nokho, ahluke kakhulu emaqenjini aseningizimu. Kukhona futhi amabanga amade phakathi kwezindawo abahlala kuzo. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi ngazinye cishe zizosinda, kuyilapho ezinye zisongelwa ngokushabalala.
Iqembu lesithathu lincane kakhulu futhi lihlobene namabhubesi ase-sub-Saharan. Yibhubesi lase-Asia, elaziwa nangokuthi ibhubesi lasePheresiya noma ibhubesi laseNdiya. Namuhla uhlala eGir National Park kuphela enhlonhlweni okungeyaseNdiya. Wacishe waqedwa. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule kwakusele izilwane ezingaba ngamashumi amabili kuphela. Namuhla sekukhona futhi cishe amakhulu amathathu. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi zazimbalwa izilwane, izakhi zazo zofuzo zifana kakhulu. Lokhu kungaholela kalula ekukhubazekeni nasezifweni. Ngakho-ke akuqiniseki ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezincane zizoqhubeka nokuba khona futhi kanjani.
Iqembu lesine kade lanyamalala. Ibhubesi lomhume lalihlala eYurophu, eNyakatho Asia nase-Alaska. Nokho, kuyena kukhona izinsalela namathambo kuphela atholakala emigedeni. Ibhubesi laseMelika kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zaphila ngendlela efanayo.
Amabhubesi amaningi avela ezindaweni ezahlukene ahlala eziqiwini namuhla. Izilwane ezincane zivame ukushintshaniswa zodwa ukuze zixube kangcono futhi zikhiqize inzalo enempilo. Kodwa kukhona amabhubesi ambalwa futhi ambalwa esekisini. Indawo yabo incane kakhulu lapho futhi abakwazi ukuphila ngendlela evamile emvelweni.