UMary Allen
Ihlathi lokuqala liyihlathi elidalwe yimvelo. Ithuthuke yodwa futhi akukho mikhondo yokugawula noma ukutshala kwabantu kuyo. Amahlathi asendulo nawo abhekwa njengamahlathi abantu asebengenele kuwo isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke bayeka ukukwenza futhi balishiya ihlathi baya emvelweni futhi. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside ngokwanele, umuntu angaphinde akhulume ngehlathi.
Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu ukuya kokukodwa kokuthathu zazo zonke izindawo zamahlathi emhlabeni wonke zingamahlathi asendulo. Lokho kuncike ekutheni ulisebenzisa kancane kangakanani leli gama. Kodwa-ke umuntu akumelwe akhohlwe ukuthi amahlathi amaningi ashabalala ngokuphelele. Namuhla kunamasimu amaningi, amadlelo, amasimu, amadolobha, izindawo zezimboni, izikhumulo zezindiza, njalonjalo. Amahlathi asendulo namahlathi asetshenzisiwe ashabalala kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
Igama elithi "ihlathi" nalo alicacile ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile umuntu uqonda kuphela ihlathi lemvula elishisayo. Kodwa kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamahlathi asendulo, amanye aseYurophu kodwa iningi lakwezinye izindawo emhlabeni.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamahlathi akhona?
Cishe ingxenye yehlathi ihlathi lemvula. Emikhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ise-Amazon Basin eNingizimu Melika, eCongo Basin e-Afrika, naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Futhi, cishe ingxenye yamahlathi asendulo angamahlathi e-coniferous ezindaweni ezibandayo, ezisenyakatho zomhlaba. Zitholakala eCanada, enyakatho yeYurophu nase-Asia. Usosayensi ubabiza ngokuthi ihlathi le-boreal coniferous noma i-taiga. Kukhona kuphela ama-spruces, amaphayini, ama-firs, nama-larches lapho. Ukuze ihlathi elinjalo likhule, akumelwe lifudumale kakhulu futhi imvula noma iqhwa kufanele line njalo.
Ihlathi yihlathi eliminyene ezindaweni ezishisayo. Amahlathi amaningi asendulo abizwa ngokuthi amahlathi. Ngomqondo omncane, umuntu ukhuluma ngamahlathi ase-Asia kuphela, lapho kukhona khona i-monsoon. Omunye ubuye akhulume ngehlathi ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Isibonelo, uthi: “Leli yihlathi” lapho amaphepha exutshwe kangangokuba awusakwazi nokubona ngawo.
Izinhlobo ezisele zamahlathi zisakazwa emhlabeni wonke. Kukhona namahlathi asendulo eYurophu. Nokho, zakha ingxenye encane kakhulu yendawo yonke yehlathi.
Imaphi amahlathi asendulo akhona eYurophu?
Ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yamahlathi asendulo asekhona eYurophu isenyakatho yeYurophu. Zingamahlathi e-coniferous futhi ungathola amakhulu kunawo wonke ikakhulukazi enyakatho yeRussia, kodwa naseScandinavia.
Ihlathi elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Central Europe liseCarpathians. Lolu ukhahlamba lwezintaba eziphakeme empumalanga yeYurophu, etholakala kakhulu eRomania. Nokho, namuhla ososayensi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi abantu sebengenelele kakhulu lapho nokuthi leli aliselona ihlathi langempela. Endaweni eseduze, asekhona amahlathi amakhulu e-beech.
E-Poland, kunehlathi elixubile elinama-deciduous kanye ne-coniferous, elisondela eduze kakhulu nehlathi lasendulo. Kukhona ama-oki amakhulu, izihlahla zomlotha, izihlahla zikalamula, nama-elms. Nokho, leli hlathi okwamanje ligawulwa ngokwengxenye. Abezemvelo balufake enkantolo lolu daba.
E-Lower Austria, kusenendawo enkulu eyihlane yaseDürrenstein. Iyindawo ewugwadule enkulu kunazo zonke eCentral Europe. Ngempela, ingxenye yayo engaphakathi ihlale ingakaze ithintwe abantu kusukela nge-Ice Age yokugcina.
Phezulu ezintabeni zase-Alps kusenamahlathi angakathintwa asondele kakhulu emahlathini asendulo. E-Switzerland, kunamanye amahlathi amathathu amancane kodwa angempela asendulo: elilodwa ngalinye emathafeni aseSchwyz, eValais, naseGraubünden.
EJalimane, awasekho amahlathi angempela asendulo. Kunezindawo ezimbalwa kuphela ezisondela eduze nehlathi. Lezi yi-Bavarian Forest National Park, i-Harz National Park, kanye nendawo esehlathini laseThuringian. E-Hainich National Park, kunamahlathi amadala e-beech abomvu aye ashiywa ezenzela wona iminyaka engaba ngu-60.