UMary Allen
Okungenani kusukela ibhere elimhlophe, i-Knut yaduma, amabhere ase-polar abephezulu esikalini sokuzwelana kwabantu. Nokho, izilwane ezidla ezinye zisengozini endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Izici
Abukeka kanjani amabhere amhlophe?
Amabhere amhlophe ayizilwane ezidla ezinye futhi angamalungu omndeni wamabhere amakhulu. Eceleni kwamabhere ase-Kodiak ase-Alaska, ayizilwane ezinkulu ezidla umhlaba. Ngokwesilinganiso, abesilisa bangamasentimitha angama-240 kuya ku-270 ubude, cishe amasentimitha ayi-160 ukuphakama, futhi banesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-400 kuya ku-500.
Abesilisa abami ngemilenze yangemuva bafinyelela kumamitha amathathu. E-Siberian Arctic, amanye amaduna akhula nakakhulu ngenxa yokuthi adla ungqimba olukhulu lwamafutha. Ezisikazi zihlala zincane kuneziduna. Amabhere amhlophe anomzimba ojwayelekile webhere. Nokho, imizimba yabo mide kunezihlobo zabo eziseduze, amabhere ansundu.
Amahlombe aphansi kunomhlane womzimba, intamo yinde futhi izacile, kanti ikhanda lincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba. Okujwayelekile izindlebe ezincane, eziyindilinga. Izinyawo zinde futhi zibanzi zinezinzipho eziwugqinsi, ezimfishane, ezimnyama. Izinyawo zabo zinezinzwane phakathi kwezinzwane.
Uboya obuminyene bamabhere amhlophe buphuzi-mhlophe ngombala, bulula ebusika kunasehlobo. Amathe ezinyawo nawo anoboya obuminyene, amabhola ezinyawo kuphela angenabo uboya. Amehlo amnyama nekhala elimnyama kugqama kahle ekhanda elimhlophe.
Ahlala kuphi amabhere amhlophe?
Amabhere amhlophe atholakala kuphela enyakatho nenkabazwe. Basekhaya ezindaweni zase-arctic eYurophu, e-Asia, naseNyakatho Melika, okungukuthi kusukela eSiberia naseSvalbard kuya e-Alaska naseCanada Arctic kuya eGreenland. E-Arctic, amabhere asezindaweni ezishisayo ahlala ikakhulukazi engxenyeni eseningizimu yesifunda seqhwa elikhukhulekayo, eziqhingini nasogwini lwe-Arctic Ocean. Lapho, umoya namaza olwandle aqinisekisa ukuthi kuhlale kunezindawo ezanele zamanzi ezivulekile eqhweni ukuze amabhere asezintabeni azingele.
Ebusika, amabhere aqhubekela phambili eningizimu. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bachitha ubusika emihumeni yeqhwa, amaduna nawo ahambahamba ebusika futhi ambe kuphela emhumeni weqhwa isikhashana kubanda kakhulu. Kodwa abalali.
Isihlobo esiseduze sebhere elimhlophe ibhere elinsundu.
Amabhere amhlophe aneminyaka emingaki?
Endle, amabhere amhlophe aphila isilinganiso seminyaka engu-20.
Behave
Ahlala kanjani amabhere ase-polar?
Uboya obuminyene bebhere elimhlophe busebenza njengejakhethi eshisayo: izinwele, ezingaba amasentimitha angu-15 ubude, azinalutho, zakha umcamelo womoya ovikela izilwane emakhazeni. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi isikhumba esingaphansi koboya simnyama, singagcina ukukhanya kwelanga okudluliswa ezinweleni ezingenalutho kuya esikhumbeni njengokushisa.
Ungqimba lwamabhulabhu oluwugqinsi olungamasentimitha ambalwa lusiza futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhere asezindaweni ezimaphakathi awabandi ngisho nasezivunguvungwini ezinzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yamadlebe awo amancane namathe anoboya, awalahlekelwa nhlobo ukushisa komzimba. Ngenxa yoboya obusezinyaweni zawo nezinyawo ezinolwembu, amabhere amhlophe angahamba eqhweni njengezicathulo zeqhwa ngaphandle kokucwila.
Okuwukuphela kwezindawo ezingenaboya - ngaphandle kwekhala - amabhola ematheni ezinyawo. Zimnyama futhi: Izilwane zingazisebenzisa ukugcina ukushisa kahle, kodwa futhi zingakukhipha uma zifudumala kakhulu.
Amabhere amhlophe awaboni kahle, kodwa anuka kahle kakhulu. Inzwa yabo yokuhogela iyazisiza ukuba zibone inyamazane zikude kakhulu. Amabhere amhlophe ahlala wodwa cishe unyaka wonke. Banezindawo ezinkulu, abangaziphawuli futhi abangazivikele neze.
Uma kunezilwane ezizingelayo ezanele, zizophinde zamukele amalungu ezinhlobo zazo eziseduze kwazo. Ezweni, zingagijima amabanga amade futhi zifinyelele isivinini esifinyelela kumakhilomitha angu-40 ngehora. Futhi angakwazi ukweqa imifantu yeqhwa kuze kube ngamamitha amahlanu ububanzi.
Amabhere amhlophe angababhukudi abahle kakhulu futhi angahamba amabanga amade emanzini ukusuka esiqhingini kuya esiqhingini noma ukusuka ezindaweni zeqhwa elikhukhulekayo ukuya emngceleni wezwe. Bangakwazi ukutshuza imizuzu emibili. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi aphuma eboyeni bawo ngokushesha okukhulu, awalahlekelwa ukushisa komzimba ngisho nangemva kokubhukuda olwandle.
Abangane nezitha zebhere elimhlophe
Amabhere ase-polar amadala makhulu futhi anamandla kangangokuthi cishe awanazo izilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, amabhere asemancane asemancane avame ukuba yizisulu zamabhere amaduna asekhulile. Isitha esikhulu samabhere amhlophe ngabantu. Izilwane ezizingelayo ezinkulu bezilokhu zizingelwa uboya bazo.
Azala kanjani amabhere amhlophe?
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwebhere elimhlophe siqala ngoMbasa kuya kuJuni. Kulesi sigaba kuphela lapho abesilisa nabesifazane behlangana khona isikhathi esifushane. Eziduna zisebenzisa amakhala azo abukhali ukuze zicoshe imikhondo yamabhere ezinsikazi, futhi izimpi ezinobudlova zivame ukuvela phakathi kwabesilisa bebanga eyensikazi. Ngemva kokukhwelana, ibhere nebhere lezinsikazi ziyahamba ngendlela yazo. Izinsikazi ezikhulelwe zimba umhume weqhwa owakhiwe amagumbi amaningana ngo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba. Ezinsikazi zihlala kulo mgodi ubusika bonke.
Ngenxa yokuthi abazingeli ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele baphile ngamafutha abawadle ngaphambili. Ngemva kokumitha kwezinyanga ezingaba yisishiyagalombili, ibhere lizala amawundlu alo kulo mhume, ngokuvamile amawundlu amabili. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, izingane ziba ngamasentimitha angu-20 kuya kwangu-30 kuphela ubude futhi zinesisindo esingamagremu angu-600 kuya kwangu-700.
Basangaboni futhi bengezwa, banezinwele ezincane, ngakho-ke bathembele ngokuphelele ekunakekelweni komama wabo. Zihlala emhumeni kuze kube intwasahlobo elandelayo, zimunyiswa unina, futhi zikhula ngokushesha. Ngo-March noma ngo-April, kanye nonina, bayayishiya indawo yabo yokucasha bathuthele olwandle.
Azingela kanjani amabhere amhlophe?
Ngoboya bawo obuphuzi-omhlophe, amabhere ase-polar afihlekile endaweni yawo futhi angabazingeli abaphumelele kakhulu. Lapho ezingela, amabhere ase-polar ngokuvamile acathama isikhathi eside emigodini yokuphefumula yezimvu zamanzi. Lapho, isisulu sinweba amakhanda aso ngokuphindaphindiwe emanzini ukuze siphefumule. Ibhere elicashile libe selibamba izilwane ngezidladla zalo ezinkulu lizidonsele eqhweni.
Kwesinye isikhathi amabhere amhlophe kancane azosondela kuma-seals ashiswe yilanga eqhweni eziswini zawo futhi awabulale ngokuswayipha ngezidladla zawo.
Ngenxa yekhono lazo lokuhogela, zingaphinde zilandelele imigede yeqhwa yalezi zimvu zamanzi, lapho zizalela khona amaphuphu azo. Amabhere abe esewela emhumeni enesisindo esigcwele somzimba wawo wangaphambili, awuchoboze futhi abambe izimvu zamanzi.